= Abstract

By the end of 2019, a health crisis that produced significant changes in the lifestyle of billions of people worldwi= de began due to the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 prevention measures had negati= ve psychological repercussions on the world population. During the initial mon= ths of confinement, people experienced more free time in everyday life. This encouraged the population to search for and practice activities that help f= ill their routines and mitigate the negative consequences of the crisis. This s= tudy aimed to examine the relationship between practicing hobbies during COVID-19 confinement and the subjective well-being of university students in the Dominican Republic. For this, 138 university students from private Santo Domingo centers were surveyed. The participants answered the Satisfaction w= ith Life Scale, SPANE, and a sociodemographic questionnaire that inquired about= the practice of hobbies. The results of both scales were compared between people who had developed new hobbies vs. those who did not. It was found that the participants who practiced hobbies had significantly higher scores than tho= se who did not practice subjective well-being, especially in life satisfaction. Hobbyist participants seem to show a higher degree of conformity with their life. This finding supports the use of hobbies as a possible partial buffer against the adverse effects of the pandemic on individual subjective well-b= eing.

Keywords: hobbie= s; subjective well-being; COVID-19; pandemic; quarantine.

Introducción

<= span lang=3DES style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso= -fareast-font-family: "Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:ES= '>La pandemia del COVID-19 representa una emergencia de salud pública sin precedentes y ha sido motivo de alarma alrededor del mundo (Organización Mundial de la Salud, 2020). La población general de países fuertemente afectados por la pandemia como España, Italia y China reportar= on efectos adversos sobre la salud mental de sus ciudadanos, como son altos niveles de ansiedad y depresión ADDIN CSL_CITAT= ION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemDa= ta":{"DOI":"10.1111/jpm.12344","ISBN":&q= uot;0706743707052","ISSN":"13652850","abstrac= t":"The world is experiencing pandemic of the COVID-19 now, a RNA virus that spread= out from Wuhan, China. Two countries, China first and later Italy, have gone to full lock down due to rapid spread of this virus. Till to date, no epidemiological data on mental health problems due to outbreak of the COVID= -19 and mass isolation were not available. To meet this need, the present study= was undertaken to assess the mental health status of Chinese people. An online survey was conducted on a sample of 1074 Chinese people, majority of whom f= rom Hubei province. Lack of adequate opportunities to conduct face to face inte= rview, anxiety, depression, mental well-being and alcohol consumption behavior were assessed via self- reported measures. Results showed higher rate of anxiety, depression, hazardous and harmful alcohol use, and lower mental wellbeing t= han usual ratio. Results also revealed that young people aged 21–40 years are= in more vulnerable position in terms of their mental health conditions and alc= ohol use. To address mental health crisis during this epidemic, it is high time = to implement multi-faceted approach (i.e. forming multidisciplinary mental hea= lth team, providing psychiatric treatments and other mental health services, utilizing online counseling platforms, rehabilitation program, ensuring cer= tain care for vulnerable groups, etc.). Keywords:","author":[{&qu= ot;dropping-particle":"","family":"Ahmed"= ;,"given":"Zahir","non-dropping-particle":&qu= ot;","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{&= quot;dropping-particle":"","family":"Ahmed&qu= ot;,"given":"Oli","non-dropping-particle":&qu= ot;","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{&= quot;dropping-particle":"","family":"Aibao&qu= ot;,"given":"Zhou","non-dropping-particle":&q= uot;","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{= "dropping-particle":"","family":"Hanbin&= quot;,"given":"Sang","non-dropping-particle":= "","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}= ,{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Siyu&= quot;,"given":"Liu","non-dropping-particle":&= quot;","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},= {"dropping-particle":"","family":"Ahmad&= quot;,"given":"Akbaruddin","non-dropping-particle&= quot;:"","parse-names":false,"suffix":"&= quot;}],"container-title":"Asian Journal of Psychiatry","id":"ITEM-1","issued":{&quo= t;date-parts":[["2020"]]},"note":"El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo indagar sobre el malestar psicológico y dificultades emocionales en la población China durante la cuarentena domiciliaria originado por el COVID-19. Para esto, se reclutaron 1 1074 ciu= dadanos chinos a través de la plataforma social WeChat. Los participantes completa= ron el "Beck Anxiety Inventory" [Inventario de Ansiedad de Be= ck], el "Beck Depression Inventory" [Inventario de Depresión = de Beck], el "Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test" [Pru= eba de Identificación de Desórdenes del Uso de Alcohol] y el "Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale" [Escala de Bienestar Mental de Warwirck] para medir prevalencia de ansiedad, depresión, desórdenes por e= l uso de alcohol y nivel de bienestar mental respectivamente. El estudio encontr�= � que existe una prevalencia sumamente alta de ansiedad y depresión en esta mues= tra y que el consumo de alcohol exagerado había aumentado significativamente. Ad= emás, el estudio halló que los niveles de depresión y de consumo de alcohol var= iaban en las ciudades con cantidad de casos distintos. Por último, se encontró = que tener entre 21 y 40 años de edad convertía a las personas en más vulnera= bles a sufrir efectos adversos en su salud mental. Este estudio es relevante para = el nuestro ya que estudia el bienestar de los individuos (una de nuestras variables de estudio) en el contexto de cuarentena domiciliaria originada p= or el COVID-19, que es el contexto en el que pretendemos hacer nuestro estudio.","title":"Epidemic of COVID-19 in China and associated psychological problems","type":"article-journal","volume&qu= ot;:"51"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documen= ts/?uuid=3Dedc1529c-e627-4198-90d0-f628bcdcc1cc"]}],"mendeley&quo= t;:{"formattedCitation":"(Ahmed et al., 2020)","manualFormatting":"(Ahmed et = al., 2020)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Ahmed et al., 2020)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Ahmed et al= ., 2020)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema&= quot;:"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/cs= l-citation.json"}ADDIN CSL_CITAT= ION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemDa= ta":{"DOI":"10.1016/j.sleep.2020.05.011","ISS= N":"13899457","abstract":"Background The 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has become a global health emergency. The extreme actions aimed to reduce virus diffusion have profoun= dly changed the lifestyles of the Italian population. Moreover, fear of contrac= ting the infection has generated high levels of anxiety. This study aimed to understand the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on sleep quali= ty, general anxiety symptomatology, and psychological distress. Methods An onli= ne survey collected information on socio-demographic data and additional information concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, sleep quality, s= leep disorders, generalized anxiety symptoms, psychological distress, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology related to COVID-19 we= re assessed. Results This study included 2291 respondents. The results revealed that 57.1% of participants reported poor sleep quality, 32.1% high anxiety, 41.8% high distress, and 7.6% reported PTSD symptomatology linked to COVID-= 19. Youth and women, those uncertain regarding possible COVID-19 infection, and greater fear of direct contact with those infected by COVID-19 had an incre= ased risk of developing sleep disturbances, as well as higher levels of anxiety = and distress. Finally, a significant relationship between sleep quality, generalized anxiety, and psychological distress with PTSD symptoms related = to COVID-19 was evidenced. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic appears to be a risk factor for sleep disorders and psychological diseases in the Italian population, as previously reported in China. These results should be used as a starting point for further studies aimed to dev= elop psychological interventions to minimize the brief and long-term consequence= s of the COVID-19 pandemic.","author":[{"dropping-particle&q= uot;:"","family":"Casagrande","given&quo= t;:"Maria","non-dropping-particle":"","p= arse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-par= ticle":"","family":"Favieri","given= ":"Francesca","non-dropping-particle":""= ,"parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"drop= ping-particle":"","family":"Tambelli",&q= uot;given":"Renata","non-dropping-particle":"= ","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{&quo= t;dropping-particle":"","family":"Forte"= ,"given":"Giuseppe","non-dropping-particle":&= quot;","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}]= ,"container-title":"Sleep Medicine","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"4&= quot;,"issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]},&quo= t;note":"El objetivo del presente estudio es indagar acerca de la calidad de sueño, el malestar psicológico, el riesgo de estrés postraumático y la ansiedad ge= neralizada en ciudadanos italianos confinados a sus hogares debido a la pandemia de COVID-19. Para esto, se reclutaron a 2,291 participantes mediante plataform= as sociales diversas. Los mismos completaron una encuesta virtual que incluía= un cuestionario sociodemográfico, la "General Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire" [Cuestionario de Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada= ], la "Psychological General Well-Being Questionnaire" [Cuestionario de Bienestar Psicológico General], el "Pittsburgh S= leep Quality Index" [Indice de Calidad de Sueño de Pittsburgh] y el "PTSD related to COVID-19 Questionnaire" [Cuestionario de Estrés Postraumático relacionado a COVID-19]. El estudio halló elevados = niveles de sintomatología de ansiedad generalizada y de estrés postraumático, as= í como baja calidad de sueño y mucha angustia psicológica. Se notó una asociaci= ón entre ciertas características de los participantes y mayor impacto psicol�= �gico. Entre estas características se encuentran ser joven, ser mujer y haber sido expuesto a alguien infectado con el virus. Este estudio resulta ser relevan= te para el nuestro ya que evalúa bienestar en el contexto de la cuarentena domiciliaria originada por el COVID-19.","page":"15-16","title":"= The enemy who sealed the world: Effects quarantine due to the COVID-19 on sleep quality, anxiety, and psychological distress in the Italian population","type":"article-journal","volume&= quot;:"34"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/docum= ents/?uuid=3D54e1e3dc-ed39-4b32-9052-0393b9aa31c6"]},{"id":&= quot;ITEM-2","itemData":{"abstract":"The pandemic caused by Covid-19 has been an unprecedented social and health emergency worldwide. This is the first study in the scientific literature reporting the psychological impact of the Covid-19 outbreak in a sample of = the Spanish population. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey of 3480 people. The presence of depression, anxiety and post-traumat= ic stress disorder (PTSD) was evaluated with screening tests from 14 March. Sociodemographic and Covid-19-related data was collected. Additionally, spiritual well-being, loneliness, social support, discrimination and sense = of belonging were assessed. Descriptive analyses were carried out and linear regression models compiled. The 18.7% of the sample revealed depressive, 21= .6% anxiety and 15.8% PTSD symptoms. Being in the older age group, having econo= mic stability and the belief that adequate information had been provided about = the pandemic were negatively related to depression, anxiety and PTSD. However, female gender, previous diagnoses of mental health problems or neurological disorders, having symptoms associated with the virus, or those with a close relative infected were associated with greater symptomatology in all three variables. Predictive models revealed that the greatest protector for symptomatology was spiritual well-being, while loneliness was the strongest predictor of depression, anxiety and PTSD. The impact on our mental health caused by the pandemic and the measures adopted during the first weeks to d= eal with it are evident. In addition, it is possible to identify the need of greater psychological support in general and in certain particularly vulner= able groups.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"&quo= t;,"family":"González-Sanguino","given":&quo= t;Clara","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-na= mes":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle&q= uot;:"","family":"Ausin","given":&q= uot;Berta","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-= names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle= ":"","family":"Castellanos","given&= quot;:"Miguel","non-dropping-particle":"",&qu= ot;parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping= -particle":"","family":"Saiz","give= n":"Jesús","non-dropping-particle":"",&= quot;parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"droppi= ng-particle":"","family":"López-Gómez"= ,"given":"Aida","non-dropping-particle":"= ;","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{&qu= ot;dropping-particle":"","family":"Ugidos&quo= t;,"given":"Carolina","non-dropping-particle"= :"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""= },{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Muñ= oz","given":"Manuel","non-dropping-particle&q= uot;:"","parse-names":false,"suffix":"&q= uot;}],"container-title":"Brain, Behavior and Immunity","id":"ITEM-2","issued":{"= date-parts":[["2020"]]},"note":"El propósito del presente estudio es proveer información acerca de los efect= os psicológicos de la cuarentena domiciliaria originada por el COVID-19 sobre= los habitantes de España. Para esto, los autores reclutaron mediante variadas plataformas sociales a 3480 personas, quienes completaron una encuesta virt= ual que contenía un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el "Patient Healt= h Questionnaire-2" [Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente-2], el "Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2" [Escala de Desorden de Ansiedad Generalizada], la versión para civiles del "Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist" [Lista de Verificación de Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático}, el "Day to Day Discrimination Index" [In= dice de Discriminación Cotidiana'], la "Multidimensional Scale of Perc= eived Social Support" [Escala Multidimensional de Apoyo Social Percibido= '], la "Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Spiritual Well-Being" [Evaluación Funcional de Bienestar Espiritual en Enfermedad Crónica], la "Self Compassion Scale" [Escala = de Autocompasión], la "UCLA Loneliness Scale" [Scala de Sol= edad de UCLA] y 4 ítems como medida del sentido de pertenencia. El estudio hall= ó niveles elevados de ansiedad, depresión y sintomatología de Trastorno de = Estrés Postraumáticos, e identificó factores de riesgo y protectores para estos trastornos. El estido halló que ser mujer estaba asociado con mayor riesgo= de sufrir un impacto psicológico adverso, mientras que ser mayor servía como factor protector ante la depresión, ansiedad y TEP. En adición a esto, el estudio mostró que la discriminación y la soledad estaban asociados con m= ayor impacto psicológico, mientras que el sentido de pertenencia, bienestar y autocompasión eran protectivos ante el impacto psicológico. El presente e= studio es relevante ya que estudia el impacto psicológico de la cuarentena domici= liaria, variable que debemos tomar en cuenta al estudiar la variable de bienestar subjetivo en este contexto de confinamiento.","page":"172-176","title"= :"Mental health consequences during the initial stage of the 2020 coronavirus pandem= ic (COVID-19) in Spain","type":"article-journal",&quo= t;volume":"87"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.= com/documents/?uuid=3D6e226d78-065e-423e-bbdd-6ff831753550"]}],"m= endeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Casagrande et al., 2020; González-Sanguino et al., 2020)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Casagrande et al., 2020; González-Sanguino et al., 2020)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Casagrande et al., 2020; González-Sanguino et al., 2020)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema&= quot;:"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/cs= l-citation.json"}ADDIN CSL_CITAT= ION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemDa= ta":{"DOI":"10.1016/j.sleep.2020.05.011","ISS= N":"13899457","abstract":"Background The 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has become a global health emergency. The extreme actions aimed to reduce virus diffusion have profoun= dly changed the lifestyles of the Italian population. Moreover, fear of contrac= ting the infection has generated high levels of anxiety. This study aimed to understand the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on sleep quali= ty, general anxiety symptomatology, and psychological distress. Methods An onli= ne survey collected information on socio-demographic data and additional information concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, sleep quality, s= leep disorders, generalized anxiety symptoms, psychological distress, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology related to COVID-19 we= re assessed. Results This study included 2291 respondents. The results revealed that 57.1% of participants reported poor sleep quality, 32.1% high anxiety, 41.8% high distress, and 7.6% reported PTSD symptomatology linked to COVID-= 19. Youth and women, those uncertain regarding possible COVID-19 infection, and greater fear of direct contact with those infected by COVID-19 had an incre= ased risk of developing sleep disturbances, as well as higher levels of anxiety = and distress. Finally, a significant relationship between sleep quality, genera= lized anxiety, and psychological distress with PTSD symptoms related to COVID-19 = was evidenced. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic app= ears to be a risk factor for sleep disorders and psychological diseases in the Italian population, as previously reported in China. These results should be used as a starting point for further studies aimed to develop psychological interventions to minimize the brief and long-term consequences of the COVID= -19 pandemic.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"&q= uot;,"family":"Casagrande","given":"Mari= a","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names&qu= ot;:false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":&= quot;","family":"Favieri","given":"= Francesca","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-= names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle= ":"","family":"Tambelli","given&quo= t;:"Renata","non-dropping-particle":"","= parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-pa= rticle":"","family":"Forte","given&= quot;:"Giuseppe","non-dropping-particle":"",&= quot;parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"contai= ner-title":"Sleep Medicine","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"4&= quot;,"issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]},&quo= t;note":"El objetivo del presente estudio es indagar acerca de la calidad de sueño, el malestar psicológico, el riesgo de estrés postraumático y la ansiedad generalizada en ciudadanos italianos confinados a sus hogares debido a la pandemia de COVID-19. Para esto, se reclutaron a 2,291 participantes median= te plataformas sociales diversas. Los mismos completaron una encuesta virtual = que incluía un cuestionario sociodemográfico, la "General Anxiety Di= sorder Questionnaire" [Cuestionario de Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada= ], la "Psychological General Well-Being Questionnaire" [Cuestionario de Bienestar Psicológico General], el "Pittsburgh S= leep Quality Index" [Indice de Calidad de Sueño de Pittsburgh] y el "PTSD related to COVID-19 Questionnaire" [Cuestionario de Estrés Postraumático relacionado a COVID-19]. El estudio halló elevados = niveles de sintomatología de ansiedad generalizada y de estrés postraumático, as= í como baja calidad de sueño y mucha angustia psicológica. Se notó una asociaci= ón entre ciertas características de los participantes y mayor impacto psicol�= �gico. Entre estas características se encuentran ser joven, ser mujer y haber sido expuesto a alguien infectado con el virus. Este estudio resulta ser relevan= te para el nuestro ya que evalúa bienestar en el contexto de la cuarentena domiciliaria originada por el COVID-19.","page":"15-16","title":"= The enemy who sealed the world: Effects quarantine due to the COVID-19 on sleep quality, anxiety, and psychological distress in the Italian population","type":"article-journal","volume&= quot;:"34"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/docum= ents/?uuid=3D54e1e3dc-ed39-4b32-9052-0393b9aa31c6"]}],"mendeley&q= uot;:{"formattedCitation":"(Casagrande et al., 2020)","manualFormatting":"(Casagrande et al., 2020)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Casagrande et al., 2020)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Casagrande et al., 2020)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema&= quot;:"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/cs= l-citation.json"}<= span lang=3DES style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso= -fareast-font-family: "Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:ES= '>Un efecto particular de la pandemia es la disminución de bienestar, tanto men= tal ADDIN CSL_CITAT= ION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemDa= ta":{"DOI":"10.1111/bjhp.12450","ISSN":&= quot;2044-8287","PMID":"32573074","abstract&q= uot;:"The COVID-19 outbreak has become one of the largest public health crises of our time. Governments have responded by implementing self-isolation and physical distancing measures that have profoundly impacted daily life throughout the world. In this study, we aimed to investigate how people experience the activities, interactions, and settings of their lives during the pandemic. = The sample (N =3D 604) was assessed in Ireland on the 25 March 2020, following = the closure of schools and non-essential businesses. We examined within-person variance in emotional well-being and how people spend their time. We found = that while most time was spent in the home (74%), time spent outdoors (8%) was associated with markedly raised positive affect and reduced negative emotio= ns. Exercising, going for walks, gardening, pursuing hobbies, and taking care of children were the activities associated with the greatest affective benefit= s. Home-schooling children and obtaining information about COVID-19 were ranked lowest of all activities in terms of emotional experience. These findings highlight activities that may play a protective role in relation to well-be= ing during the pandemic, the importance of setting limits for exposure to COVID-19-related media coverage, and the need for greater educational suppo= rts to facilitate home-schooling during this challenging period.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"&quo= t;,"family":"Lades","given":"Leonhard K","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names&qu= ot;:false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":&= quot;","family":"Laffan","given":"K= ate","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names&= quot;:false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle"= :"","family":"Daly","given":"M= ichael","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-nam= es":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle&qu= ot;:"","family":"Delaney","given":&= quot;Liam","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-= names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title&q= uot;:"British Journal of Health Psychology","id":"ITEM-1","issued":{&quo= t;date-parts":[["2020"]]},"note":"Laura: Muy buena selección de artículo. Se les fue la mano con el subrayado azul= . Creo que debieron empezar a subrayar donde dice "First, in line with pr= ior research..." Este paper es súper sencillo y súper útil para jus= tificar su estudio.\n\nEl propósito de la presente investigación fue encontrar las relaciones entre las experiencias afectivas cotidianas de irlandeses y sus interacciones sociales, el tiempo invertido dentro y fuera de casa y sus actividades cotidianas durante la cuarentena domiciliaria del COVID-19.Para esto los autores reclutaron de forma virtual a través de correo electróni= co, y con el método de bola de nieve, a participantes mayores de edad y habitant= es de Irlanda, de los cuales 64 completaron el sondeo, que incluía una versión = corta del “Day Reconstruction Method” [Método de la Reconstrucción del Día= ] (DRM), tres ítems que medían afecto positivo y seis ítems que medían afecto ne= gativo. El estudio encontró en que estar fuera del hogar potenciaba el afecto posi= tivo, y que la práctica de actividades físicas y hobbies podían contribuir significativamente al afecto positivo. Además, se encontró que la interac= ción de los padres con sus hijos puede aumentar el bienestar emocional de los padres. En adición, se halló que niveles altos de afecto negativo estaban relacionados con el uso de plataformas virtuales sociales y la información sobre el virus. Por último, se encontró que las interacciones con la pare= ja reducían el bienestar emocional. Este estudio es relevante para el nuestro= por varias razones. En primer lugar, mide afecto positivo y negativo, que constituyen la dimensión emocional del constructo de bienestar subjetivo, = la cual es una variable de nuestro estudio. En segundo lugar, evalúa estas va= riables en el contexto de cuarentena domiciliaria, que es el mismo contexto de nues= tro estudio. En tercer lugar, encontró que los hobbies son actividades particularmente positivas y relacionadas con el bienestar, lo cual está íntimamente ligado con nuestro problema de investigación, que relaciona l= os hobbies con mayor bienestar en el contexto de cuarentena domiciliaria.","title":"Daily emotional well-being duri= ng the COVID-19 pandemic.","type":"article-journal"},= "uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=3Dd27bb09c-= 170c-4b01-97ba-6b44d9d3e76e"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedC= itation":"(Lades et al., 2020)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Lades et al., 2020)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Lad= es et al., 2020)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema&= quot;:"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/cs= l-citation.json"}la experiencia global de reacciones positivas que los individuos perciben de su propia vid= a Es decir, es la apreciación que se tiene sobre la= vida a nivel cognitivo y emocional. Este constructo e= stá conformado por dos componentes: el afectivo y el cognitivo. El primero= , se refiere a la experiencia de afecto positivo y negativo del individuo, que e= s el componente más cambiante en el tiempo. El segundo, se refiere a la calidad= de vida, que se define como las evaluaciones globales que realiza el individuo acerca del grado de conformidad con su vida.

<= span lang=3DES style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso= -fareast-font-family: "Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:ES= '>El bienestar subjetivo ha mostrado ser estable en el tiempo a pesar de la variabilidad de las experiencias de afecto en los individuos ADDIN CSL_CITAT= ION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemDa= ta":{"ISSN":"1332-0742","abstract":"= ;The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between personality trait= s, social desirability and subjective well-being. A total of 392 students (195 females and 197 males), aged 19 to 26 years (M =3D 20.25, SD =3D 1.46) comp= leted the Satisfaction with Life Scale, PANAS, Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale and measures of the Big Five personality dimensions (IPIP50). Hierarchical regression analyses were performed with personality traits and social desirability as predictors and subjective well-being components (satisfaction with life, positive and negative affects) as dependent variab= les. The results confirmed previous findings that personality, specifically extraversion, emotional stability and conscientiousness, represent strong predictors of subjective well-being. Unlike in other studies, Intellect significantly predicted positive affect and Agreeableness showed additional significant prediction of absence of negative affect. When entered independently into the analysis, social desirability was a significant predictor of all three subjective well-being components. In combination with personality traits, social desirability showed association only with absenc= e of negative affect which can be explained by the links between social desirabi= lity and personality traits. These findings indicate that relationship between social desirability, personality traits and subjective well-being is more complex than previous studies suggest. Social desirability appears to be a variable that together with personality traits provides additional explanat= ion of subjective well-being. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)","author":[{"dropping-part= icle":"","family":"Brajša-Žganec",&quo= t;given":"Andreja","non-dropping-particle":"&= quot;,"parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"= ;dropping-particle":"","family":"Ivanović&qu= ot;,"given":"Danijela","non-dropping-particle"= ;:"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""= ;},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Lip= ovčan","given":"Ljiljana Kaliterna","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-= names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title&q= uot;:"Psihologijske Teme","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"2"= ;,"issued":{"date-parts":[["2011"]]},"no= te":"El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las asociaciones entre el bienestar subjetivo, rasgos de la personalidad y deseabilidad social en jó= venes universitarios croatas, así como evaluar diferencias de género en el bien= estar subjetivo. Para esto, los autores reclutaron a 392 universitarios que completaron una serie de cuestionarios y escalas. Los jóvenes completaron = la "Life Satisfaction Scale" [Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida], el "Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule" [Horario de Afecto Positivo y Negativo], el "International Persona= lity Item Pool" [Inventario de Personalidad Internacional] y la "Social Desirability Scale" [Escala de Deseabilidad Socia= l]. El estudio halló que ciertos rasgos de la personalidad estaban significativamente relacionados con los aspectos cognitivo y emocional del bienestar subjetivo. Específicamente, la estabilidad emocional, la extrave= rsión y la conciencia eran predictores del bienestar subjetivo. Por otro lado, no= se encontraron diferencias por género en el bienestar subjetivo de la muestra. Este estudio es relevante para el nuestro ya que elabora sobre las variables que influyen sobre el bienestar subjetivo, una de nuestras variables de estudio.","page":"261-276","title":"= ;Personality traits and social desirability as predictors of subjective well-being","type":"article-journal","volume&= quot;:"20"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/docum= ents/?uuid=3D0216d2a6-f709-4bc0-997d-57c530498c53"]}],"mendeley&q= uot;:{"formattedCitation":"(Brajša-Žganec et al., 2011)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Brajša-Žganec et al., 2011)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Brajša-Žganec et al., 2011)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema&= quot;:"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/cs= l-citation.json"}ADDIN CSL_CITAT= ION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemDa= ta":{"DOI":"10.5455/JPMA.11398","ISSN":&= quot;00309982","PMID":"32296207","abstract&qu= ot;:"OBJECTIVE: To investigate subjective well-being levels of nursing students and the fac= tors affecting it. Methods: The cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted = at a health school of a state university in Aydin, western Turkey, from March to= April, 2015, and comprised nursing students in the bachelor's programme. Personal information form, perceived stress scale, perceived social support scale, subjective well-being scale were used for data collection. Multiple linear regression analysis with stepwise method was employed using SPSS 18 for data analysis. RESULTS: Of the 297 subjects, 230(77.4%) were female. The overall mean age of the sample was 20.32±1.65 years. Perceived stress, perceived s= ocial support, participation in social or cultural activities, perception of acad= emic success and conscious choice of nursing career accounted for 54% of the variance in the students' subjective well-being and it is a useful model. Perceived stress alone accounted for 39% of the variance. However, students= ' perceptions of economic status and availability of teachers with whom students could sh= are their problems did not explain subjective well-being in the model. CONCLUSI= ONS: Perceived stress was found to play an important role in subjective well-bei= ng of the nursing students.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"&q= uot;,"family":"Senocak","given":"Suleyman Umit","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names= ":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle"= ;:"","family":"Demirkiran","given":= "Fatma","non-dropping-particle":"","pars= e-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title= ":"The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association","id":"ITEM-1","issued":{&qu= ot;date-parts":[["2020"]]},"note":"Laura: Se les fue la mano en el subrayado pink. La redacción está bien.\n\nEl propósito de este estudio fue determinar el grado de bienestar subjetivo en estudiantes de enfermería y los factores que lo alteraban. Para esto los autores reclutaron, a través de un muestreo aleatorio estratificado, una muestra de 310 estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad estatal en Tur= quía, las cuales respondieron las versiones turcas de la “Personal Information = Form” [Forma de Información Personal] (PIF), “Perceived Stress Scale” [Escal= a de Estrés Percibido] (PSS), Perceived Social Support Scale- Revised [Escala de Apoyo Social Percibido] (PSSS-R) y Subjective Well-being Scale [Escala de Bienestar Subjetivo] (SWBS). El estudio encontró que un nivel alto de estr= és reducía el bienestar subjetivo, mientras que un apoyo social percibido alt= o, participación en actividades sociales y culturales lúdicas, percepción d= e éxito académico y elección consciente de la carrera de enfermería aumentaban el bienestar subjetivo. Este estudio es relevante para el nuestro, ya que eval= úa bienestar subjetivo en nuestra población de interés (estudiantes universi= tarios). Además, el estudio mide bienestar subjetivo a través de una única escala= que comprende tanto la dimensión cognitiva como la afectiva del constructo.","page":"630-635","title":&q= uot;Subjective well-being and influencing factors in Turkish nursing students: A cross-sectional study","type":"article-journal","volume"= :"70"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/= ?uuid=3D08da16a5-dcda-47df-98b0-193588b13a04"]}],"mendeley":= {"formattedCitation":"(Senocak & Demirkiran, 2020)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"= (Senocak & Demirkiran, 2020)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Senocak & Demirkiran, 2020)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema&= quot;:"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/cs= l-citation.json"}<= span lang=3DES style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso= -fareast-font-family: "Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:ES= '>Recientemente, se ha reportado el rol que pueden jugar las actividades de ocio en el impac= to de la incertidumbre y temor propios de la pandemia sobre el bienestar de los individuos <= span lang=3DES style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso= -fareast-font-family: "Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:ES= '>La relación entre el bienestar subjetivo y las actividades de ocio ha sido ampliamente documentada Algunos estudios indagan más a fondo = en la relación entre el bienestar subjetivo y la práctica de actividades de oci= o al investigar variables como: la satisfacción que se obtiene de llevarlas a cabo ADDIN CSL_CITAT= ION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemDa= ta":{"DOI":"10.1007/s12144-020-00852-8","abst= ract":"This study examined leisure and subjective well-being (SWB) of Korean transnational-split families (KTSF) who live in Korea and the U.S. Using da= ta collected from an online survey, hierarchical regression analysis was condu= cted to test seven hypotheses related to the affective components of the SWB of KTSF. Income, frequency of family communication, marital satisfaction, and = the size of leisure repertoire were significantly associated with the positive affect of KTSF. The amount of leisure time and the frequency of leisure involvement were not significant. Two regression models were tested to understand the differential validity of the time and frequency of six diffe= rent types of leisure activities on positive affect. The leisure time and freque= ncy of Hobbies and Other Activities were significant, while other activity types were not. These findings were discussed in light of the existing SWB and transnationalism literature, the qualitative aspects of leisure experience,= and the life circumstances of KTSF.","author":[{"dropping-particle":""= ,"family":"Lee","given":"Kang Jae Jerry","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-= names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle= ":"","family":"Hwang","given":= "Sunhwan","non-dropping-particle":"","pa= rse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-part= icle":"","family":"Stodolska","give= n":"Monika","non-dropping-particle":"",&= quot;parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"contai= ner-title":"Current Psychology","id":"ITEM-1","issued":{&quo= t;date-parts":[["2020"]]},"note":"Laura: Me parece una selección de artículo interesante en vista de la separació= n de las familias por COVID 19 (no necesariamente porque viven en distintos paí= ses. La redacción está bien.\n\nEl propósito de este estudio fue examinar las= relaciones entre el bienestar subjetivo y las actividades de ocio en adultos de nacionalidad coreana que viven en Estados Unidos distanciados de sus famili= as, tomando también en consideración la relación entre el bienestar subjetiv= o y la cercanía, comunicación y visitas a la familia. Para esto los autores recl= utaron a través de comunidades coreanas 169 participantes que cumplieran con los criterios mencionados anteriormente. Los mismos completaron un cuestionario= en línea que comprendía preguntas sobre su participación en actividades de = ocio medido con la “Leisure Participation Involvement Scale” [Escala de Compromiso con Participación en Ocio de Ragheb], componentes afectivos del bienestar subjetivo medido con la “Scale of Positive and Negative Experie= nce” [Escala de Experiencia Positiva y Negativa] (SPANE) y características de l= os acuerdos con su familia, frecuencia y tipo de contacto con la familia, satisfacción marital e información sociodemográfica, medidos por pregunt= as puntuales en el cuestionario. El estudio encontró que sentirse satisfecho = con variados dominios de la vida estaba relacionado con mayor afecto positivo y= que el afecto positivo estaba correlacionado positivamente con la amplitud del repertorio de actividades de ocio del individuo. Además, el estudio hall q= ue el afecto positivo no era afectado por el tiempo invertido ni la frecuencia en= la participación de actividades de ocio, exceptuando el caso de los hobbies, = cuya frecuencia de práctica sí estaba relacionada con el afecto positivo. Este estudio es relevante para el nuestro, ya que mide el aspecto afectivo del bienestar subjetivo, que es una variable de nuestro estudio a través de una escala con adecuada validez. Asimismo, es relevante porque mide las activid= ades de ocio, tomando en cuenta los hobbies en particular, la cual es nuestra ot= ra variable de estudio. De la misma forma, el estudio halló que los hobbies en particular ejercían un impacto significativo en el afecto positivo, hallaz= go que está relacionado con nuestra hipótesis principal de investigación. P= or último, el estudio encontró que la frecuencia de práctica de los hobbies= estaba relacionada con mayor afecto positivo, hallazgo que está muy relacionado c= on una de nuestras hipótesis secundarias de investigación.","title":"Leisure and subjective well-b= eing of parents of Korean transnational-split families","type":"article-journal"},"uris&quo= t;:["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=3D2e40828e-e075-43ee-9c38= -025fc3bca695"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":= "(Lee et al., 2020)","manualFormatting":"(Lee et al= ., 2020)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Lee et al., 2020)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Lee et al., 2020)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema&= quot;:"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/cs= l-citation.json"}ADDIN CSL_CITAT= ION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemDa= ta":{"DOI":"10.1080/01490400.2020.1757537","a= bstract":"Leisure engagement is believed to offer emotional benefits. However, relatively few studies have examined how leisure engagement influences emotional well-bein= g in the context of individuals’ everyday lives. The current study examined the associations between leisure engagement and daily emotional well-being, as measured by participants’ mean levels of positive affect (PA), PA variabi= lity, and PA reactivity to stressors. Using smartphones, participants (n =3D 176) completed ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) 5 times per day for 14 consecutive days. The Pearson correlations indicated that the participants = who engaged in leisure more frequently experienced higher mean levels of PA and lower PA variability in daily life compared to those with less frequent lei= sure engagement. However, multilevel models indicated that individuals’ differ= ences in frequency of leisure engagement did not influence their emotional reacti= vity in response to daily stressors. The findings extend the importance of leisu= re engagement to consider the dynamics of daily emotional well-being.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"= ","family":"Graefe","given":"Alan R.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names&q= uot;:false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":= "","family":"Mowen","given":"A= ndrew J.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names&q= uot;:false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":= "","family":"Almeida","given":"= ;David M.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names&q= uot;:false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":= "","family":"Sliwinski","given":&qu= ot;Martin J.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names&q= uot;:false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":&q= uot;Leisure Sciences","id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"= date-parts":[["2016"]]},"note":"Laura: Se les fue la mano en el subrayado pink. La redacción está bien.\n\n\nLa presente investigación tuvo por objetivo evaluar las relaciones existentes entre bienestar emocional diario y compromiso con actividades de ocio. Para esto,los autores reclutaron por muestreo aleatorio sistemático a 176 adult= os de la Lista de Votantes Registrados de Nueva York, los cuales completaron un cuestionario base que incluía la "Pittsburgh Enjoyable Activities Test" [Prueba de Pittsburgh de Actividades Placenteras], que mide = la frecuencia de participación de los individuos en actividades placenteras, y preguntas puntuales que precisaban datos sociodemográficos. Además,= los participantes debieron completar encuestas virtuales 5 veces al día por 2 semanas que indagaban sobre su afecto positivo en el momento y los estresor= es experimentados. El estudio encontró que la frecuencia de compromiso con el= ocio estaba correlacionada positivamente con niveles de afecto positivo y correlacionada negativamente con variabilidad de afecto positivo. Por otro lado, no se hallaron efectos del compromiso con actividades de ocio sobre la reactividad emocional de los participantes ante estresores cotidianos. Este estudio es relevante para el nuestro, ya que evalúa las actividades de oci= o, que incluyen los hobbies, una de nuestras variables de estudio. Además, pr= opone una manera muy interesante de medir afecto positivo, que es un aspecto de la dimensión emocional del bienestar subjetivo, la cual es nuestra otra varia= ble de estudio. Por último, el estudio refleja que existe una relación entre = la frecuencia de realización de estas actividades de ocio y mayor afecto posi= tivo, hallazgo que está relacionado con una de nuestras hipótesis de investigación.","title":"The influence of leisure engagement on daily emotional well-being","type":"article-journal"},"uris&q= uot;:["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=3D35a289ef-2d06-411c-b9= 80-9a0461b12c78"]},{"id":"ITEM-2","itemData&q= uot;:{"DOI":"10.1016/j.archger.2016.11.010","ISSN&= quot;:"18726976","abstract":"Objectives To explore the association between leisure participation and subjective well-being and the role gender in this issue among elderly Chinese in Shang= hai, China. Methods Principal components analysis and logistic regressions are u= sed to analyze the cross-sectional data of the 2013 Shanghai Elderly Life and Opinion Survey that contains 2884 respondents (60+ with a mean age of 72.6) recruited from a multistage cluster sampling design. Subjective well-being = is measured by happiness and life satisfaction, and leisure participation is examined by the type and diversity of leisure activities. Results Principal components analysis identifies four major types of leisure activity that elderly Chinese are actively engaged in—detachment-recovery, aesthetic, s= ocial, and performing-arts activities. Among them, social activities and performing-arts activities have the most relevance to subjective well-being. Females are more likely to engage in social and performing-arts activities whereas males are more likely to engage in detachment-recovery and aesthetic activities. Performing-arts activities promote subjective well-being only f= or females. Social activities are beneficial for both gender groups, but more = so for males than for females. While increased levels of leisure diversity are linearly related to increased odds of subjective well-being for females, moderate level of leisure diversity is found to be the most important for males. Conclusions Leisure participation is positively related to subjective well-being among elderly Chinese, and thus could play a critical role in promoting healthy aging. The major gender differences as observed suggest t= he need to further explore gender-specific barriers in leisure participation.","author":[{"dropping-particle":&qu= ot;","family":"Zhang","given":"Wei&= quot;,"non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names"= ;:false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":&qu= ot;","family":"Feng","given":"Qiush= i","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names&qu= ot;:false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":&= quot;","family":"Lacanienta","given":&qu= ot;Joy","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-nam= es":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle&qu= ot;:"","family":"Zhen","given":&quo= t;Zhihong","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-= names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title&q= uot;:"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics","id":"ITEM-2","issued":{&quo= t;date-parts":[["2017"]]},"note":"Laura: Muy bien.\n\nEl propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la relación entre b= ienestar subjetivo y los tipos de actividades ocio y la diversidad de participación= en personas mayores, tomando en cuenta las diferencias entre ambos sexos. Para esto los autores reclutaron 2,884 participantes a través de un muestreo de conglomerado multifase, los cuales completaron cuestionarios que medían las dimensiones cognitiva y afectiva del bienestar subjetivo, los tipos y diversidad de participación en actividades de ocio y variables sociodemográficas, a través de preguntas puntuales. El estudio encontró = que las actividades sociales y de artes escénicas guardaban mayor relación con el bienestar subjetivo que otros tipos de actividades, además de que la participación en diversidad de actividades de ocio también guardaba relac= ión con el bienestar subjetivo. Se encontró además que la participación en actividades de artes escénicas guardaba relación en el bienestar subjetivo exclusivamente en mujeres, mientras que la participación en actividades sociales era más significativas en el bienestar subjetivo de los hombres. = Este estudio es relevante para el nuestro, ya que se evalúan ambas dimensiones = del bienestar subjetivo, que es una de nuestras variables de estudio. Además, = se evalúan las actividades de ocio, de las cuales los hobbies forman parte, q= ue es una de nuestras variables de estudio. Estas actividades se evalúan tomando= en consideración diversos tipos y diferencias de género, lo cual pudiera dar= le profundidad a nuestro estudio.","page":"45-54","title":"L= eisure participation and subjective well-being: Exploring gender differences among elderly in Shanghai, China","type":"article-journal"},"uris":= ["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=3D1be98539-b3c8-48cf-8bc1-47= 3381e01c84"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":&qu= ot;(Graefe et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2017)","plainTextFormattedC= itation":"(Graefe et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2017)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Graefe et a= l., 2016; Zhang et al., 2017)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema&= quot;:"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/cs= l-citation.json"}

<= span lang=3DES style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso= -fareast-font-family: "Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:ES= '>Las actividades de ocio mejoran la calidad de vida ADDIN CSL_CITAT= ION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemDa= ta":{"DOI":"10.1371/journal.pone.0139777","IS= SN":"19326203","abstract":"Objectives This study aimed to investigate longitudinal relations between leisure and social activities and mental health status, considering the presence or abs= ence of other persons in the activity as an additional variable, among middle-Ag= ed adults in Japan. This study used nationally representative data in Japan wi= th a five-year follow-up period. Methods This study focused on 16,642 middle-Aged adults, age 50-59 at baseline, from a population- based, six-year panel sur= vey conducted by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. To investigate the relations between two leisure activities ('hobbies or cultu= ral activities' and 'exercise or sports') and four social activities ('community events', 'support for children', 'support for elderly individuals' and 'oth= er social activities') at baseline and mental health status at follow-up, mult= iple logistic regression analysis was used. We also used multiple logistic regression analysis to investigate the association between ways of participating in these activities ('by oneself', 'with others', or 'both' (= both 'by oneself' and 'with others')) at baseline and mental health status at follow-up. Results Involvement in both leisure activity categories, but not= in social activities, was significantly and positively related to mental health status in both men and women. Furthermore, in men, both 'hobbies or cultural activities' and 'exercise or sports' were significantly related to mental health status only when conducted 'with others'. In women, the effects of 'hobbies or cultural activities' on mental health status were no differences regardless of the ways of participating, while the result of 'exercise or sports' was same as that in men. Conclusions Leisure activities appear to benefit mental health status among this age group, whereas specific social activities do not. Moreover, participation in leisure activities would be effective especially if others are present. These findings should be useful= for preventing the deterioration of mental health status in middle-Aged adults = in Japan.","author":[{"dropping-particle":""= ;,"family":"Takeda","given":"Fumi",= "non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":fals= e,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"&qu= ot;,"family":"Noguchi","given":"Haruko&q= uot;,"non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names"= :false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":&quo= t;","family":"Monma","given":"Takaf= umi","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names&= quot;:false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle"= :"","family":"Tamiya","given":"= ;Nanako","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-na= mes":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title&quo= t;:"Plos One","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"10"= ;,"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]},"no= te":"Laura: Nice paper. Buena redacción. \n\nEl propósito de este estudio fue explora= r la existencia de relaciones longitudinales entre las actividades de ocio y sociales y la salud mental de adultos de mediana edad autóctonos de Japón, considerando la presencia o ausencia de otras personas en dichas actividade= s. Para esto los autores encestaron a 40,877 adultos de entre 50 y 59 años escogidos de manera aleatoria en un proceso estratificado de dos partes. El estado de salud mental fue medido con la versión japonesa del Kessler 6 Sc= ale, una escala que evalúa malestar psicológico. Para las actividades de ocio,= se les preguntó si participaban en dos tipos de actividades diferentes. Par l= as actividades sociales se les preguntó si participaban en 4 tipos diferentes= de actividades. Los datos demográficos tomados en cuenta fueron: edad, géner= o, personas con las que vive, estatus laboral, ingresos y provisión de cuidado familiar. También se midieron los hábitos perjudiciales para la salud como fumar o ingerir alcohol. El estudio encontró que la participación en actividades de ocio como hobbies o actividades culturales estaría relacion= ada positivamente con la variable de salud mental tras un periodo de 5 años de seguimiento. Por otro lado, no se evidencian beneficios para la salud mental dada la participación en actividades sociales. Los resultados prevén que = las relaciones sociales que se desarrollan a través de actividades de ocio son= un factor fundamental para prevenir el deterioro de la salud mental para ambos sexos. Este estudio es relevante para el nuestro ya que evalúa la influenc= ia de los actividades de ocio (que engloba a hobbies, nuestra variable de estudio= ) en el estatus de salud mental de ambos sexos. Además, la separación entre actividades de ocio grupales y en solitario podría resultar útil para nosotros.","title":"How possibly do leisure and social = activities impact mental health of middle-aged adults in Japan?: An evidence from a national longitudinal survey","type":"article-journal"},"uris"= :["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=3Dc378695f-b184-4bc5-ab1a-8= 77066c0a46d"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":&q= uot;(Takeda et al., 2015)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Take= da et al., 2015)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Tak= eda et al., 2015)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema&= quot;:"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/cs= l-citation.json"}ADDIN CSL_CITAT= ION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemDa= ta":{"author":[{"dropping-particle":"",&= quot;family":"Stebbins","given":"Robert"= ,"non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":fal= se,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Soci= ety","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"4"= ,"issued":{"date-parts":[["2001"]]},"not= e":"El presente artículo teórico nos adentra en la comprensión de lo que es el = ocio serio. Se presentan las similitudes y diferencia con el ocio casual, las cu= alidades del ocio serio, sus beneficios para quienes lo practican, y sus diferencias= con el trabajo.","page":"53-57","title":"S= erious Leisure","type":"article-journal","volume&quo= t;:"38"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/document= s/?uuid=3Db85b9b5f-45a7-40c3-b06e-6938fe595eb7"]}],"mendeley"= ;:{"formattedCitation":"(Stebbins, 2001)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Stebbins, 2001)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Stebbins, 2001)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema&= quot;:"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/cs= l-citation.json"}ADDIN CSL_CITAT= ION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemDa= ta":{"DOI":"10.1080/01490400903547179","abstr= act":"Serious leisure and casual leisure have served as two contrasting concepts for describing leisure experiences. The purpose of this article is to reevaluate the traditional dichotomy of serious leisure-casual leisure in light of accumulated empirical evidence. Greater theoretical attention to the interconnectedness and continuity between the two concepts is advocated. Findings from an on-line survey with a group of women engaged in informal social leisure experiences were examined. Viewed through a multidimensional conceptual framework, which includes 13 dimensions ranging from effort to self-actualization to socialization and fun, the complexity of leisure experience reflects a continuum rather than a dichotomous conception. Furth= er suggestions about delineating the interrelations among dimensions of leisure experience are discussed. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"",= "family":"Shen","given":"Xiangyou Sharon","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-nam= es":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle&qu= ot;:"","family":"Yarnal","given":&q= uot;Careen","non-dropping-particle":"","parse= -names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title&= quot;:"Leisure Sciences","id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"= date-parts":[["2010"]]},"note":"Laura: Nice little paper. Creo que se les fue la mano con el subrayado azul, pero = en la redacción está bien. \n\nEl propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la dualidad existente entre dos términos que suelen ser divididos: Ocio Serio= (OC) y Ocio Casual. Para esto los autores llevaron a cabo una encuesta en línea aplicada a un grupo de mujeres que practicaban una actividad de ocio inform= al. En total se procesó una muestra de 278 encuestas. Las respuestas fueron lu= ego analizadas en distintas dimensiones del OS y el OC. El estudio encontró que estos dos tipos de ocio podrían no ser tan diferentes como se piensa. Las mujeres de este estudio presentaron cualidades propias de la práctica de OS aunque la actividad a a la que se dedican podría ser definida como OC. Este estudio es relevante para el nuestro puesto que trabaja y define la variable OS, un concepto de Ocio que engloba nuestra variable Hobbies. Al mismo tiem= po presenta las similitudes y diferencias entre OS y OC, lo cual pudiera contribuir a nuestros criterios de inclusión para que una actividad de ocio constituya un hobby.","page":"162-179","title":"B= lowing open the serious leisure-casual leisure dichotomy: What's in there?","type":"article-journal","volume"= ;:"5"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/= ?uuid=3Dedccf131-8b23-4194-a0a8-7051c33fdd7d"]}],"mendeley":= {"formattedCitation":"(Shen & Yarnal, 2010)","manualFormatting":"Shen & Yar= nal, (2010)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Shen & Yarna= l, 2010)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Shen & Yarna= l, 2010)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema&= quot;:"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/cs= l-citation.json"}<= span lang=3DES style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso= -fareast-font-family: "Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:ES= '>El concepto de ocio serio abarca diferentes tipos de actividades entre los que= se encuentran los hobbies ADDIN CSL_CITAT= ION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemDa= ta":{"DOI":"10.1353/jsh/24.4.741","ISSN"= :"0022-4529","abstract":"Hobbies of every kind experienced an upsurge in popularity during the Great Depress= ion of the 1930's. The term \"hobbies\" itself emerged as a category = of socially condoned leisure activity, supported by \"experts\" in t= he media, education, government agencies, and the hobby world. Hobby experts defined appropriate pastimes as teaching or replicating important elements = of work. Hobbies were to educate, develop specific mental and manual skills, promote discipline and perseverance. But unlike so many jobs, hobbies provi= ded participants with a sense of creativity and achievement, and a work-like environment in which they were their own bosses. In this sense, hobbies were not \"non-work\" leisure time, but rather the ideal job that evad= ed most modern workers. Collecting was the most complex of the hobbies in term= s of its relationship to work because it contained elements of speculation and exploitation that raised serious ethical considerations. Although people ch= ose hobbies because they provided a pleasurable relief from work (or the idleness of unemployment), the underlying reasons for the emergence of hobbies as a socially sanctioned pastime lay in the similarities between work and hobbie= s, not in their differences. The history of hobbies in the 1930's lends suppor= t to the argument that much leisure is congruent with work even though there may= be some elements that compensate for work place shortcomings.","author":[{"dropping-particle":&quo= t;","family":"Gelber","given":"S. M.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names&q= uot;:false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":&q= uot;Journal of Social History","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"4&q= uot;,"issued":{"date-parts":[["1991"]]},"= ;note":"Laura: De acuerdo.\n\nEl propósito de este artículo teórico fue establecer el o= rigen de la palabra hobby, así como la popularización y desarrollo del término= a partir de la Gran Depresión del 1929. Asimismo, el estudio pretende indagar sobre las diferencias existentes entre los hobbies y el trabajo. Se proveen diversas definiciones de la palabra hobby, así como clasificaciones. Adem�= �s, se establecen las diferencias y similitudes entre los hobbies y el trabajo. Se exponen además las creencias sobre los beneficios de los hobbies que exist= ían en la época. Este estudio es relevante para el nuestro, ya que provee vari= as definiciones de la palabra hobby, la cual es una de nuestras variables de estudio, y provee un trasfondo histórico para el término.","page":"741-766","title":&quo= t;A job you can't lose: Work and hobbies in the Great Depression","ty= pe":"article-journal","volume":"24"},&qu= ot;uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=3Da0ef2807-933= 3-4bc8-a87f-9434ffd62222"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCita= tion":"(Gelber, 1991)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Gelber, 1991)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Gelber, 1991)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema&= quot;:"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/cs= l-citation.json"}ADDIN CSL_CITAT= ION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemDa= ta":{"DOI":"10.1111/bjhp.12450","ISSN":&= quot;2044-8287","PMID":"32573074","abstract&q= uot;:"The COVID-19 outbreak has become one of the largest public health crises of our time. Governments have responded by implementing self-isolation and physical distancing measures that have profoundly impacted daily life throughout the world. In this study, we aimed to investigate how people experience the activities, interactions, and settings of their lives during the pandemic. = The sample (N =3D 604) was assessed in Ireland on the 25 March 2020, following = the closure of schools and non-essential businesses. We examined within-person variance in emotional well-being and how people spend their time. We found = that while most time was spent in the home (74%), time spent outdoors (8%) was associated with markedly raised positive affect and reduced negative emotio= ns. Exercising, going for walks, gardening, pursuing hobbies, and taking care of children were the activities associated with the greatest affective benefit= s. Home-schooling children and obtaining information about COVID-19 were ranked lowest of all activities in terms of emotional experience. These findings highlight activities that may play a protective role in relation to well-be= ing during the pandemic, the importance of setting limits for exposure to COVID-19-related media coverage, and the need for greater educational suppo= rts to facilitate home-schooling during this challenging period.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"&quo= t;,"family":"Lades","given":"Leonhard K","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names&qu= ot;:false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":&= quot;","family":"Laffan","given":"K= ate","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names&= quot;:false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle"= :"","family":"Daly","given":"M= ichael","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-nam= es":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle&qu= ot;:"","family":"Delaney","given":&= quot;Liam","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-= names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title&q= uot;:"British Journal of Health Psychology","id":"ITEM-1","issued":{&quo= t;date-parts":[["2020"]]},"note":"Laura: Muy buena selección de artículo. Se les fue la mano con el subrayado azul= . Creo que debieron empezar a subrayar donde dice "First, in line with pr= ior research..." Este paper es súper sencillo y súper útil para jus= tificar su estudio.\n\nEl propósito de la presente investigación fue encontrar las relaciones entre las experiencias afectivas cotidianas de irlandeses y sus interacciones sociales, el tiempo invertido dentro y fuera de casa y sus actividades cotidianas durante la cuarentena domiciliaria del COVID-19.Para esto los autores reclutaron de forma virtual a través de correo electróni= co, y con el método de bola de nieve, a participantes mayores de edad y habitant= es de Irlanda, de los cuales 64 completaron el sondeo, que incluía una versión = corta del “Day Reconstruction Method” [Método de la Reconstrucción del Día= ] (DRM), tres ítems que medían afecto positivo y seis ítems que medían afecto ne= gativo. El estudio encontró en que estar fuera del hogar potenciaba el afecto posi= tivo, y que la práctica de actividades físicas y hobbies podían contribuir significativamente al afecto positivo. Además, se encontró que la interac= ción de los padres con sus hijos puede aumentar el bienestar emocional de los padres. En adición, se halló que niveles altos de afecto negativo estaban relacionados con el uso de plataformas virtuales sociales y la información sobre el virus. Por último, se encontró que las interacciones con la pare= ja reducían el bienestar emocional. Este estudio es relevante para el nuestro= por varias razones. En primer lugar, mide afecto positivo y negativo, que constituyen = la dimensión emocional del constructo de bienestar subjetivo, la cual es una variable de nuestro estudio. En segundo lugar, evalúa estas variables en el contexto de cuarentena domiciliaria, que es el mismo contexto de nuestro estudio. En tercer lugar, encontró que los hobbies son actividades particularmente positivas y relacionadas con el bienestar, lo cual está íntimamente ligado con nuestro problema de investigación, que relaciona l= os hobbies con mayor bienestar en el contexto de cuarentena domiciliaria.","title":"Daily emotional well-being duri= ng the COVID-19 pandemic.","type":"article-journal"},"uris&qu= ot;:["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=3Dd27bb09c-170c-4b01-97b= a-6b44d9d3e76e"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation"= :"(Lades et al., 2020)","manualFormatting":"(Lades et = al., 2020)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Lades et al., 2020)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Lades et al= ., 2020)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema&= quot;:"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/cs= l-citation.json"}ADDIN CSL_CITAT= ION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemDa= ta":{"DOI":"10.3390/ijerph16244980","ISSN&quo= t;:"16604601","PMID":"31817855","abstrac= t":"Our aim is to examine the associations between long working hours and depression and mental well-being among the working population in Shanghai, as well as = to identify the impact of having hobbies on these relationships. A cross-secti= onal study was conducted in Shanghai, with depression assessed by the Patient He= alth Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale and mental well-being assessed by the World Health Organization five-item Well-Being Index (WHO-5) scale. The phenomeno= n of long working hours (69.3%) was quite common among employees in Shanghai, and the rate of working over 60 h was 19.3%. Those who worked over 60 h had the highest prevalence of poorer mental health compared with individuals working ≤40 h per week. After adjustment in the logistic regression model, those = who reported weekly working time over 60 h were 1.40 (95%CI: 1.03–1.90) and 1= .66 (95%CI: 1.26–2.18) times more likely to have depression and poor mental w= ell-being (PMWB), respectively. Adjusted ORs for having hobbies were 0.78 (95%CI: 0.62–0.97) and 0.62 (95%CI: 0.51–0.75), respectively. Meanwhile, having= hobbies could significantly lower the mean score on the PHQ-9 and elevate the mean score on the WHO-5 in each working time group, with no interaction effect. = Long working hours could have a significantly negative impact on workers’ psychological health. Importantly, having hobbies in their daily lives might help to mitigate the adverse effects of long working hours on workers’ depression and mental well-being.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"= ","family":"Li","given":"Zan",= "non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":fals= e,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"&qu= ot;,"family":"Dai","given":"Junming"= ;,"non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":fa= lse,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"&= quot;,"family":"Wu","given":"Ning",= "non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":fals= e,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"&qu= ot;,"family":"Jia","given":"Yingnan"= ;,"non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":fa= lse,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"&= quot;,"family":"Gao","given":"Junling&qu= ot;,"non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":= false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"= ;","family":"Fu","given":"Hua"= ,"non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":fal= se,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Inte= rnational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"da= te-parts":[["2019"]]},"note":"Laura: La redacción está muy bien. El subrayado pink está exagerado. \n\nEl pro= pósito de este estudio fue evaluar las relaciones existentes entre largas jornadas laborales, la prevalencia de depresión y el bienestar mental en empleados = de Shaghai, China, así como determinar el rol que juega la tenencia de hobbies entre las relaciones mencionadas. Para esto los autores utilizaron un esque= ma de muestreo aleatorio incluyendo a distintos tipos de trabajo en la ciudad = de Shanghai, a través del cual obtuvieron 2985 participantes que llenaron las escalas de “Patient Health Questionnaire” [Cuestionario sobre la Salud = del Paciente-9] (PHQ-9), “ WHO's Wellbeing Index”[Indice de Bienestar de la Organización Mundial de la Salud] (WHO-5), y "Job Content Questionnaire" [Cuestionario de Contenido de Trabajo], en adición= a un cuestionario que recogía variables socioeconómicas, autopercepción de sa= lud, horas trabajadas y la práctica de hobbies. El estudio encontró que trabaj= ar horas largas estaba correlacionado positivamente con bajos niveles de biene= star mental y depresión, y que la tenencia de hobbies por parte de los empleados tenía un rol relevante y beneficioso en esta correlación. Este estudio es relevante para el nuestro, ya que mide bienestar mental, una variable relacionada con el bienestar subjetivo que evaluaremos, y la relaciona con = los hobbies (nuestra otra variable de estudio).","title":"E= ffect of long working hours on depression and mental well-being among employees in Shanghai: The role of having leisure hobbies","type":"article-journal"},"uris"= ;:["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=3Dfc5aafc7-86c6-4258-a502-= d3dd3749e438"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":&= quot;(Li et al., 2019)","manualFormatting":"(Li et al., 2019)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Li et al., 2019)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Li et al., 2019)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema&= quot;:"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/cs= l-citation.json"}ADDIN CSL_CITAT= ION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemDa= ta":{"DOI":"10.1007/s10826-019-01365-0","abst= ract":"Objectives: Youths’ participation in organized activities has been repeatedly associa= ted with better psychosocial adjustment. However, youth living in more disadvantaged contexts (e.g., lower-income, dangerous neighborhoods) have l= ess access to organized activities. The current study aimed to compare hobbies = and organized activities, in terms of their accessibility and associations with social functioning with peers, using a social ecological framework. We also examined the conditional effects of family and neighborhood disadvantage for the associations between activity engagement and peer functioning. Methods: Participants were 91 predominantly African American, urban-dwelling middle school girls (M age =3D 12.43) and their primary caregivers. Dyads completed separate interviews and questionnaires on activity engagement, family and neighborhood disadvantage, and social functioning with peers. Results: Resu= lts suggest that hobbies are a distinct facet of activity engagement that might= be more widely accessible than organized activities. Greater involvement in hobbies and organized activities showed unique associations with indices of better peer functioning. Moreover, some of these associations were stronger= for youth living in more disadvantaged contexts. Conclusions: This study advanc= es the understanding of an important yet neglected topic within the adolescent development literature on activity research, namely differential access to opportunities among ethnic minority youth. Results suggest that hobby engagement is an important aspect of activity engagement with social benefi= ts, especially for youth living in more disadvantaged contexts. Further investigation is warranted to understand the range of potential benefits of youths’ hobby involvement.","author":[{"dropping-part= icle":"","family":"Steinberg","give= n":"Davia B.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names&q= uot;:false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":= "","family":"Simon","given":"V= alerie A.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names&q= uot;:false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":&q= uot;Journal of Child and Family Studies","id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"d= ate-parts":[["2015"]]},"note":"Laura: Revisar la metadata. El título está cortado.\nRevisar bibliografía anota= da. Parece de otro paper. (AJUSTADO, error de Mendeley). Laura: No. Error de qu= ien subió el artículo y no lo revisó. \n\nEl objetivo del presente estudio f= ue evaluar la accesibilidad y beneficios al funcionamiento social del compromi= so con hobbies y actividades organizadas en adolescentes afroamericanas. Para = esto los autores reclutaron 91 estudiantes de 6to de primaria a 2do de secundari= a y sus cuidadores primordiales. Estos completaron el “Organized Activi= ty Inventory” [Inventario de Actividades Organizadas] para medir participaci= ón en actividades organizadas "Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale&qu= ot; [Escala de Confusión Orden y Alboroto] (CHAOS) para medir desorganización familiar, la “Perception of Neighborhood Scale” [Escala de Percepción = del Vecindario] para medir desventaja de vecindario, el “Adolescent Interpers= onal Competence Questionnaire” [Cuestionario de Competencia Interpersonal en Adolescentes] para medir competencia interpersonal, (AICQ), el “Net= work of Relationship Inventory” [Inventario de Red de Relaciones] para m= edir la calidad de las relaciones cercanas (NRI), la Subescala de Comportamiento Prosocial del “Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire” [Cuestionario = de Fortalezas y Dificultades] (SDQ) para medir comportamiento proso= cial y un cuestionario creado por los investigadores que evaluaba desventa= ja familiar. El estudio encontró que los hobbies son un aspecto relevante y �= �nico en el compromiso con actividades en la muestra y que son más accesibles qu= e las actividades organizadas. Por otro lado, la participación en actividades organizadas está relacionadas con los beneficios sociales de mayor comportamiento prosocial y mejores interacciones con pares, mientras que la participación en hobbies está relacionada únicamente con mayor calidad y= menos conflicto en relaciones interpersonales con pares. Este estudio es relevante para el nuestro, ya que provee una definición operacionalizada de la varia= ble de hobbies, la cual es una de las que medimos en nuestro estudio, y la relaciona con beneficios personales y sociales. Estos beneficios pueden relacionarse a su vez con bienestar, que es la otra variable de nuestro estudio.","page":"1182-1195","title":&qu= ot;A comparison of hobbies and organized activities among low income urban adolescents","type":"article-journal","volume= ":"28"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/docu= ments/?uuid=3D265040e9-6d5c-4ff2-ad13-52ecb044712d"]}],"mendeley&= quot;:{"formattedCitation":"(Steinberg & Simon, 2015)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Steinberg & Simon, 2015)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Steinberg & Simon, 2015)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema&= quot;:"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/cs= l-citation.json"}(Steinberg & Simon, 2015).

Stebbins (2001) clasifica a las personas que practican hobbies en recolectores, participant= es de actividades deportivas y de juegos, participantes de actividades no competitivas, creadores y entusiastas de las artes liberales.

<= span lang=3DES style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso= -fareast-font-family: "Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:ES= '>Los hobbies, como el resto de las actividades de ocio, se realizan de manera voluntaria y resultan placenteras, con la diferencia de que estos implican = una participación activa, lo que excluye actividades pasivas como escuchar mú= sica o ver la televisión ADDIN CSL_CITAT= ION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemDa= ta":{"DOI":"10.1080/17439760.2017.1374437","a= bstract":"This study investigated the qualities of serious leisure in relation to subjecti= ve well-being (SWB). A four-step hierarchical regression analysis was conducted using data obtained from 505 individuals who participated in various leisure activities in the Republic of Korea. Age, education, gender, monthly income, monthly leisure expenditure, marital status, and 18 dimensions of serious leisure were used as independent variables. Results showed that education, personal enrichment, self-expression of individual, and self-gratification-enjoyment were significant predictors of SWB. In general, demographic factors accounted for a small percentage of the variance in SWB whereas serious leisure qualities demonstrated significantly more power.","author":[{"dropping-particle":""= ;,"family":"Jerry Lee","given":"Kang Jae","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names&= quot;:false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle"= :"","family":"Hwang","given":"= Sunhwan","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-na= mes":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title&quo= t;:"Journal of Positive Psychology","id":"ITEM-1","issued":{&quo= t;date-parts":[["2016"]]},"note":"Laura: Bien\n\nLa presente investigación tuvo por objetivo evaluar el impacto de diversas cualidades del ocio serio sobre el bienestar subjetivo de una población coreana. Para esto los autores reclutaron a través de muestreo estratificado y luego aleatorio, a 505 participantes que asistían a facili= dades de recreación dirigidas por el gobierno y universidades coreanas. Los mism= os completaron cuestionarios que incluían preguntas para obtener variables sociodemográficas, la “Satisfaction with Life Scale”[Escala de Satisfa= cción con la Vida] (SWLS) para evaluar bienestar subjetivo, y la versión corta de “Serious Leisure Inventory and Measure” [Inventario y Medida de Ocio Se= rio] (SLIM) para medir ocio serio. El estudio encontró que el bienestar subjetivo era influenciado por diversas cualidades del ocio serio. Sin embargo, las diver= sas cualidades del ocio serio contribuían bienestar subjetivo de diversas mane= ras. Las cualidades del ocio serio que contribuían significativamente al bienes= tar subjetivo eran enriquecimiento personal, autoexpresión del individuo y autogratificación/disfrute. Este estudio es relevante para el nuestro, ya = que provee una definición y manera de medir el bienestar subjetivo, que es una= de nuestras variables de estudio. Además, evalúa las cualidades del ocio ser= io, constructo que engloba a los hobbies, nuestra otra variable de estudio.","publisher":"Routledge","title"= ;:"Serious leisure qualities and subjective well-being","type":"ar= ticle-journal"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/docume= nts/?uuid=3Ddeb3026a-b17d-4b33-bdde-446436215e32"]}],"mendeley&qu= ot;:{"formattedCitation":"(Jerry Lee & Hwang, 2016)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Jerry Lee & Hwang, 2016)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Jerry Lee & Hwang, 2016)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema&= quot;:"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/cs= l-citation.json"}<= span lang=3DES style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso= -fareast-font-family: "Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:ES= '>El bienestar subjetivo, a pesar de ser relativamente estable en el tiempo ADDIN CSL_CITAT= ION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemDa= ta":{"DOI":"10.1037/a0025948","ISSN":&qu= ot;00223514","abstract":"Previous research has shown that major life events can have short-and long-term effe= cts on subjective well-being (SWB). The present meta-analysis examines (a) whet= her life events have different effects on affective and cognitive well-being and (b) how the rate of adaptation varies across different life events. Longitudinal data from 188 publications (313 samples, N =3D 65,911) were integrated to describe the reaction and adaptation to 4 family events (marriage, divorce, bereavement, childbirth) and 4 work events (unemploymen= t, reemployment, retirement, relocation/migration). The findings show that life events have very different effects on affective and cognitive well-being and that for most events the effects of life events on cognitive well-being are stronger and more consistent across samples. Different life events differ in their effects on SWB, but these effects are not a function of the alleged desirability of events. The results are discussed with respect to their theoretical implications, and recommendations for future studies on adaptat= ion are given. © 2011 American Psychological Association.","author&q= uot;:[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"= Luhmann","given":"Maike","non-dropping-partic= le":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":&quo= t;"},{"dropping-particle":"","family":&q= uot;Hofmann","given":"Wilhelm","non-dropping-= particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix"= ;:""},{"dropping-particle":"","family&qu= ot;:"Eid","given":"Michael","non-droppin= g-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix&qu= ot;:""},{"dropping-particle":"","family&= quot;:"Lucas","given":"Richard E.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names&q= uot;:false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":&q= uot;Journal of Personality and Social Psychology","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"= 3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2012"]]},&q= uot;note":"El presente artículo de revisión tuvo por propósito identificar el efecto de eventos de la vida sobre cada dimensión del bienestar subjetivo (cognitiva= y afectiva) de manera separada, así como determinar las diferencias entre los diversos eventos de la vida y sus efectos a corto y largo plazo sobre el bienestar subjetivo. Para esto, los autores analizaron 2,159 publicaciones = que debían tener data cuantitativa, ser longitudinales, incluir eventos de la = vida, definir bienestar subjetivo bajo el modelo teórico de Diener, proveer información precisa acerca del momento de ocurrencia del evento, no incluir intervenciones y poseer estadísticas descriptivas suficientes. El estudio encontró que los eventos de la vida tenían efectos diferentes en la dimen= sión cognitiva y en la dimensión afectiva. En ciertos casos se afectaba un componente, y otro permanecía igual, y en otros casos, aunque ambos eran afectados de la misma manera, el efecto no tenía la misma fuerza. Por otro lado, la adaptación de cada componente del bienestar subjetivo luego de un evento de la vida variaba según el evento. Este artículo es relevante par= a el nuestro debido a que menciona las variables que pueden afectar el bienestar subjetivo, una de nuestras variables de investigación.","page":"592-615","title"= ;:"Subjective well-being and adaptation to life events: A meta-analysis","type":"article-journal","volu= me":"102"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/d= ocuments/?uuid=3Dda71651d-f95d-48e7-bf81-fa5de560b7f8"]}],"mendel= ey":{"formattedCitation":"(Luhmann et al., 2012)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Luhm= ann et al., 2012)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Luh= mann et al., 2012)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema&= quot;:"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/cs= l-citation.json"}ADDIN CSL_CITAT= ION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemDa= ta":{"DOI":"10.1037/a0025948","ISSN":&qu= ot;00223514","abstract":"Previous research has shown that major life events can have short-and long-term effe= cts on subjective well-being (SWB). The present meta-analysis examines (a) whet= her life events have different effects on affective and cognitive well-being and (b) how the rate of adaptation varies across different life events. Longitudinal data from 188 publications (313 samples, N =3D 65,911) were integrated to describe the reaction and adaptation to 4 family events (marriage, divorce, bereavement, childbirth) and 4 work events (unemploymen= t, reemployment, retirement, relocation/migration). The findings show that life events have very different effects on affective and cognitive well-being and that for most events the effects of life events on cognitive well-being are stronger and more consistent across samples. Different life events differ in their effects on SWB, but these effects are not a function of the alleged desirability of events. The results are discussed with respect to their theoretical implications, and recommendations for future studies on adaptat= ion are given. © 2011 American Psychological Association.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"= ;","family":"Luhmann","given":"Maik= e","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names&qu= ot;:false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":&= quot;","family":"Hofmann","given":"= Wilhelm","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-na= mes":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle&q= uot;:"","family":"Eid","given":&quo= t;Michael","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-= names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle= ":"","family":"Lucas","given":= "Richard E.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names&q= uot;:false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":&q= uot;Journal of Personality and Social Psychology","id":"ITEM-1"= ;,"issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts"= ;:[["2012"]]},"note":"El presente artículo de revisión tuvo por propósito identificar el efecto de eventos de la vida sobre cada dimensión del bienestar subjetivo (cognitiva= y afectiva) de manera separada, así como determinar las diferencias entre los diversos eventos de la vida y sus efectos a corto y largo plazo sobre el bienestar subjetivo. Para esto, los autores analizaron 2,159 publicaciones = que debían tener data cuantitativa, ser longitudinales, incluir eventos de la = vida, definir bienestar subjetivo bajo el modelo teórico de Diener, proveer información precisa acerca del momento de ocurrencia del evento, no incluir intervenciones y poseer estadísticas descriptivas suficientes. El estudio encontró que los eventos de la vida tenían efectos diferentes en la dimen= sión cognitiva y en la dimensión afectiva. En ciertos casos se afectaba un componente, y otro permanecía igual, y en otros casos, aunque ambos eran afectados de la misma manera, el efecto no tenía la misma fuerza. Por otro lado, la adaptación de cada componente del bienestar subjetivo luego de un= evento de la vida variaba según el evento. Este artículo es relevante para el nu= estro debido a que menciona las variables que pueden afectar el bienestar subjeti= vo, una de nuestras variables de investigación.","page":"592-615","title"= ;:"Subjective well-being and adaptation to life events: A meta-analysis","type":"article-journal","volu= me":"102"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/d= ocuments/?uuid=3Dda71651d-f95d-48e7-bf81-fa5de560b7f8"]}],"mendel= ey":{"formattedCitation":"(Luhmann et al., 2012)","manualFormatting":"(Luhmann et al., 2012)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Luhm= ann et al., 2012)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Luh= mann et al., 2012)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema&= quot;:"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/cs= l-citation.json"}<= span lang=3DES style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso= -fareast-font-family: "Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:ES= '>La pandemia del COVID-19 representa una situación excepcional y gran relevancia e= n el ámbito psicológico, cuyos efectos han sido y continúan siendo estudiados= en todo el mundo ADDIN CSL_CITAT= ION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemDa= ta":{"DOI":"10.1111/jpm.12344","ISBN":&q= uot;0706743707052","ISSN":"13652850","abstrac= t":"The world is experiencing pandemic of the COVID-19 now, a RNA virus that spread= out from Wuhan, China. Two countries, China first and later Italy, have gone to full lock down due to rapid spread of this virus. Till to date, no epidemiological data on mental health problems due to outbreak of the COVID= -19 and mass isolation were not available. To meet this need, the present study= was undertaken to assess the mental health status of Chinese people. An online survey was conducted on a sample of 1074 Chinese people, majority of whom f= rom Hubei province. Lack of adequate opportunities to conduct face to face interview, anxiety, depression, mental well-being and alcohol consumption behavior were assessed via self- reported measures. Results showed higher r= ate of anxiety, depression, hazardous and harmful alcohol use, and lower mental wellbeing than usual ratio. Results also revealed that young people aged 21= –40 years are in more vulnerable position in terms of their mental health conditions and alcohol use. To address mental health crisis during this epidemic, it is high time to implement multi-faceted approach (i.e. forming multidisciplinary mental health team, providing psychiatric treatments and other mental health services, utilizing online counseling platforms, rehabilitation program, ensuring certain care for vulnerable groups, etc.). Keywords:","author":[{"dropping-particle":"&q= uot;,"family":"Ahmed","given":"Zahir&quo= t;,"non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":f= alse,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"= ","family":"Ahmed","given":"Oli&quo= t;,"non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":f= alse,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"= ","family":"Aibao","given":"Zhou&qu= ot;,"non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":= false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"= ;","family":"Hanbin","given":"Sang&= quot;,"non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names"= ;:false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":&qu= ot;","family":"Siyu","given":"Liu&q= uot;,"non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names"= :false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":&quo= t;","family":"Ahmad","given":"Akbar= uddin","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-name= s":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title"= :"Asian Journal of Psychiatry","id":"ITEM-1","issued":{&quo= t;date-parts":[["2020"]]},"note":"El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo indagar sobre el malestar psicológico y dificultades emocionales en la población China durante la cuarentena domiciliaria originado por el COVID-19. Para esto, se reclutaron 1 1074 ciudadanos chinos a través de la plataforma social WeChat. Los participant= es completaron el "Beck Anxiety Inventory" [Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck], el "Beck Depression Inventory" [Invent= ario de Depresión de Beck], el "Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test" [Prueba de Identificación de Desórdenes del Uso de Alcohol= ] y el "Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale" [Escala de Bienestar Mental de Warwirck] para medir prevalencia de ansiedad, depresió= n, desórdenes por el uso de alcohol y nivel de bienestar mental respectivamen= te. El estudio encontró que existe una prevalencia sumamente alta de ansiedad y depresión en esta muestra y que el consumo de alcohol exagerado había aum= entado significativamente. Además, el estudio halló que los niveles de depresió= n y de consumo de alcohol variaban en las ciudades con cantidad de casos distintos. Por último, se encontró que tener entre 21 y 40 años de edad convertía = a las personas en más vulnerables a sufrir efectos adversos en su salud mental. = Este estudio es relevante para el nuestro ya que estudia el bienestar de los individuos (una de nuestras variables de estudio) en el contexto de cuarent= ena domiciliaria originada por el COVID-19, que es el contexto en el que pretendemos hacer nuestro estudio.","title":"Epidemic of COVID-19 in China and associated psychological problems","type":"article-journal","volume&qu= ot;:"51"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documen= ts/?uuid=3Dedc1529c-e627-4198-90d0-f628bcdcc1cc"]},{"id":&qu= ot;ITEM-2","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1016/j.sleep= .2020.05.011","ISSN":"13899457","abstract&quo= t;:"Background The 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has become a global health emergency. The extreme actions aimed to reduce virus diffusion have profoun= dly changed the lifestyles of the Italian population. Moreover, fear of contrac= ting the infection has generated high levels of anxiety. This study aimed to understand the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on sleep quali= ty, general anxiety symptomatology, and psychological distress. Methods An onli= ne survey collected information on socio-demographic data and additional information concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, sleep quality, s= leep disorders, generalized anxiety symptoms, psychological distress, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology related to COVID-19 we= re assessed. Results This study included 2291 respondents. The results revealed that 57.1% of participants reported poor sleep quality, 32.1% high anxiety, 41.8% high distress, and 7.6% reported PTSD symptomatology linked to COVID-= 19. Youth and women, those uncertain regarding possible COVID-19 infection, and greater fear of direct contact with those infected by COVID-19 had an incre= ased risk of developing sleep disturbances, as well as higher levels of anxiety = and distress. Finally, a significant relationship between sleep quality, generalized anxiety, and psychological distress with PTSD symptoms related = to COVID-19 was evidenced. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic appears to be a risk factor for sleep disorders and psychological diseases in the Italian population, as previously reported in China. These results should be used as a starting point for further studies aimed to dev= elop psychological interventions to minimize the brief and long-term consequence= s of the COVID-19 pandemic.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"&q= uot;,"family":"Casagrande","given":"Mari= a","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names&qu= ot;:false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":&= quot;","family":"Favieri","given":"= Francesca","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-= names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle= ":"","family":"Tambelli","given&quo= t;:"Renata","non-dropping-particle":"","= parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-pa= rticle":"","family":"Forte","given&= quot;:"Giuseppe","non-dropping-particle":"",&= quot;parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"contai= ner-title":"Sleep Medicine","id":"ITEM-2","issue":"4&= quot;,"issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]},&quo= t;note":"El objetivo del presente estudio es indagar acerca de la calidad de sueño, el malestar psicológico, el riesgo de estrés postraumático y la ansiedad generalizada en ciudadanos italianos confinados a sus hogares debido a la pandemia de COVID-19. Para esto, se reclutaron a 2,291 participantes median= te plataformas sociales diversas. Los mismos completaron una encuesta virtual = que incluía un cuestionario sociodemográfico, la "General Anxiety Di= sorder Questionnaire" [Cuestionario de Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada= ], la "Psychological General Well-Being Questionnaire" [Cuestionario de Bienestar Psicológico General], el "Pittsburgh S= leep Quality Index" [Indice de Calidad de Sueño de Pittsburgh] y el "PTSD related to COVID-19 Questionnaire" [Cuestionario de Estrés Postraumático relacionado a COVID-19]. El estudio halló elevados = niveles de sintomatología de ansiedad generalizada y de estrés postraumático, as= í como baja calidad de sueño y mucha angustia psicológica. Se notó una asociaci= ón entre ciertas características de los participantes y mayor impacto psicol�= �gico. Entre estas características se encuentran ser joven, ser mujer y haber sido expuesto a alguien infectado con el virus. Este estudio resulta ser relevan= te para el nuestro ya que evalúa bienestar en el contexto de la cuarentena domiciliaria originada por el COVID-19.","page":"15-16","title":"= The enemy who sealed the world: Effects quarantine due to the COVID-19 on sleep quality, anxiety, and psychological distress in the Italian population"= ;,"type":"article-journal","volume":"34&= quot;},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=3D54= e1e3dc-ed39-4b32-9052-0393b9aa31c6"]},{"id":"ITEM-3&quo= t;,"itemData":{"abstract":"The pandemic caused by Covid-19 has been an unprecedented social and health emergency worldwide. This is the first study in the scientific literature reporting the psychological impact of the Covid-19 outbreak in a sample of = the Spanish population. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey of 3480 people. The presence of depression, anxiety and post-traumat= ic stress disorder (PTSD) was evaluated with screening tests from 14 March. Sociodemographic and Covid-19-related data was collected. Additionally, spiritual well-being, loneliness, social support, discrimination and sense = of belonging were assessed. Descriptive analyses were carried out and linear regression models compiled. The 18.7% of the sample revealed depressive, 21= .6% anxiety and 15.8% PTSD symptoms. Being in the older age group, having econo= mic stability and the belief that adequate information had been provided about = the pandemic were negatively related to depression, anxiety and PTSD. However, female gender, previous diagnoses of mental health problems or neurological disorders, having symptoms associated with the virus, or those with a close relative infected were associated with greater symptomatology in all three variables. Predictive models revealed that the greatest protector for symptomatology was spiritual well-being, while loneliness was the strongest= predictor of depression, anxiety and PTSD. The impact on our mental health caused by = the pandemic and the measures adopted during the first weeks to deal with it are evident. In addition, it is possible to identify the need of greater psychological support in general and in certain particularly vulnerable groups.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"&quo= t;,"family":"González-Sanguino","given":&quo= t;Clara","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-na= mes":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle&q= uot;:"","family":"Ausin","given":&q= uot;Berta","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-= names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle= ":"","family":"Castellanos","given&= quot;:"Miguel","non-dropping-particle":"",&qu= ot;parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping= -particle":"","family":"Saiz","give= n":"Jesús","non-dropping-particle":"",&= quot;parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"droppi= ng-particle":"","family":"López-Gómez"= ,"given":"Aida","non-dropping-particle":"= ;","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{&qu= ot;dropping-particle":"","family":"Ugidos&quo= t;,"given":"Carolina","non-dropping-particle"= :"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""= },{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Muñ= oz","given":"Manuel","non-dropping-particle&q= uot;:"","parse-names":false,"suffix":"&q= uot;}],"container-title":"Brain, Behavior and Immunity","id":"ITEM-3","issued":{"= date-parts":[["2020"]]},"note":"El propósito del presente estudio es proveer información acerca de los efect= os psicológicos de la cuarentena domiciliaria originada por el COVID-19 sobre= los habitantes de España. Para esto, los autores reclutaron mediante variadas plataformas sociales a 3480 personas, quienes completaron una encuesta virt= ual que contenía un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el "Patient Health Questionnaire-2" [Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente-2], el "Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2" [Escala de Desorde= n de Ansiedad Generalizada], la versión para civiles del "Post-traumat= ic Stress Disorder Checklist" [Lista de Verificación de Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático}, el "Day to Day Discrimination Index&q= uot; [Indice de Discriminación Cotidiana'], la "Multidimensional Scale= of Perceived Social Support" [Escala Multidimensional de Apoyo Social Percibido'], la "Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Spiritual Well-Being" [Evaluación Funcional de Bienestar Espiritu= al en Enfermedad Crónica], la "Self Compassion Scale" [Escala = de Autocompasión], la "UCLA Loneliness Scale" [Scala de Sol= edad de UCLA] y 4 ítems como medida del sentido de pertenencia. El estudio hall= ó niveles elevados de ansiedad, depresión y sintomatología de Trastorno de = Estrés Postraumáticos, e identificó factores de riesgo y protectores para estos trastornos. El estido halló que ser mujer estaba asociado con mayor riesgo= de sufrir un impacto psicológico adverso, mientras que ser mayor servía como factor protector ante la depresión, ansiedad y TEP. En adición a esto, el estudio mostró que la discriminación y la soledad estaban asociados con m= ayor impacto psicológico, mientras que el sentido de pertenencia, bienestar y autocompasión eran protectivos ante el impacto psicológico. El presente e= studio es relevante ya que estudia el impacto psicológico de la cuarentena domiciliaria, variable que debemos tomar en cuenta al estudiar la variable = de bienestar subjetivo en este contexto de confinamiento.","page&quo= t;:"172-176","title":"Mental health consequences during the initial stage of the 2020 coronavirus pandem= ic (COVID-19) in Spain","type":"article-journal","volume"= :"87"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/= ?uuid=3D6e226d78-065e-423e-bbdd-6ff831753550"]},{"id":"= ITEM-4","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1111/bjhp.12450= ","ISSN":"2044-8287","PMID":"325730= 74","abstract":"The COVID-19 outbreak has become one of the largest public health crises of our time. Governments have responded by implementing self-isolation and physical distancing measures that have profoundly impacted daily life throughout the world. In this study, we aimed to investigate how people experience the activities, interactions, and settings of their lives during the pandemic. = The sample (N =3D 604) was assessed in Ireland on the 25 March 2020, following = the closure of schools and non-essential businesses. We examined within-person variance in emotional well-being and how people spend their time. We found = that while most time was spent in the home (74%), time spent outdoors (8%) was associated with markedly raised positive affect and reduced negative emotio= ns. Exercising, going for walks, gardening, pursuing hobbies, and taking care of children were the activities associated with the greatest affective benefit= s. Home-schooling children and obtaining information about COVID-19 were ranked lowest of all activities in terms of emotional experience. These findings highlight activities that may play a protective role in relation to well-be= ing during the pandemic, the importance of setting limits for exposure to COVID-19-related media coverage, and the need for greater educational suppo= rts to facilitate home-schooling during this challenging period.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"&quo= t;,"family":"Lades","given":"Leonhard K","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names&qu= ot;:false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":&= quot;","family":"Laffan","given":"K= ate","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names&= quot;:false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle"= :"","family":"Daly","given":"M= ichael","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-nam= es":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle&qu= ot;:"","family":"Delaney","given":&= quot;Liam","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-= names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title&q= uot;:"British Journal of Health Psychology","id":"ITEM-4","issued":{&quo= t;date-parts":[["2020"]]},"note":"Laura: Muy buena selección de artículo. Se les fue la mano con el subrayado azul= . Creo que debieron empezar a subrayar donde dice "First, in line with pr= ior research..." Este paper es súper sencillo y súper útil para jus= tificar su estudio.\n\nEl propósito de la presente investigación fue encontrar las relaciones entre las experiencias afectivas cotidianas de irlandeses y sus interacciones sociales, el tiempo invertido dentro y fuera de casa y sus actividades cotidianas durante la cuarentena domiciliaria del COVID-19.Para esto los autores reclutaron de forma virtual a través de correo electróni= co, y con el método de bola de nieve, a participantes mayores de edad y habitant= es de Irlanda, de los cuales 64 completaron el sondeo, que incluía una versión = corta del “Day Reconstruction Method” [Método de la Reconstrucción del Día= ] (DRM), tres ítems que medían afecto positivo y seis ítems que medían afecto ne= gativo. El estudio encontró en que estar fuera del hogar potenciaba el afecto posi= tivo, y que la práctica de actividades físicas y hobbies podían contribuir significativamente al afecto positivo. Además, se encontró que la interac= ción de los padres con sus hijos puede aumentar el bienestar emocional de los padres. En adición, se halló que niveles altos de afecto negativo estaban relacionados con el uso de plataformas virtuales sociales y la información sobre el virus. Por último, se encontró que las interacciones con la pare= ja reducían el bienestar emocional. Este estudio es relevante para el nuestro= por varias razones. En primer lugar, mide afecto positivo y negativo, que constituyen la dimensión emocional del constructo de bienestar subjetivo, = la cual es una variable de nuestro estudio. En segundo lugar, evalúa estas variables en el contexto de cuarentena domiciliaria, que es el mismo contex= to de nuestro estudio. En tercer lugar, encontró que los hobbies son activida= des particularmente positivas y relacionadas con el bienestar, lo cual está íntimamente ligado con nuestro problema de investigación, que relaciona l= os hobbies con mayor bienestar en el contexto de cuarentena domiciliaria.","title":"Daily emotional well-being duri= ng the COVID-19 pandemic.","type":"article-journal"},"uris&qu= ot;:["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=3Dd27bb09c-170c-4b01-97b= a-6b44d9d3e76e"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation"= :"(Ahmed et al., 2020; Casagrande et al., 2020; González-Sanguino et = ;al., 2020; Lades et al., 2020)","manualFormatting":"(Ah= med et al., 2020; Casagrande et al., 2020; González-Sanguino et = ;al., 2020; Lades et al., 2020)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Ahmed et al., 2020; Casagrande et al., 2020; González-Sanguino et al., 2020; L= ades et al., 2020)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Ahm= ed et al., 2020; Casagrande et al., 2020; González-Sanguino et = ;al., 2020; Lades et al., 2020)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema&= quot;:"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/cs= l-citation.json"}<= span lang=3DES style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso= -fareast-font-family: "Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:ES= '>Para junio de 2021, República Dominicana reportó 326,193 casos confirmados y 3= ,840 fallecidos, posicionándose como uno de los países más afectado por la pa= ndemia de COVID-19 en el Caribe (Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2021). En respuesta a la pandemia, las autoridades dominicanas implementaron una cuarentena a nivel nacional en marzo del 2020, la cual se prolongó por 18 = meses y 23 días, terminando en octubre del. Esta medida supuso toque de queda en= tre las 7PM y las 5AM durante la semana y de 5PM a 5AM los fines de semana; cie= rre total o parcial de restaurantes, bares, iglesias y gimnasios; y prohibició= n de reuniones en lugar públicos o privados (Comisión de Alto Nivel para Preve= nción y Control del Coronavirus en República Dominicana, 2021). Esta extensa cuarentena sugiere efectos adversos sobre el bienestar de los dominicanos c= omo se reporta en otros países ADDIN CSL_CITAT= ION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemDa= ta":{"DOI":"10.1111/bjhp.12450","ISSN":&= quot;2044-8287","PMID":"32573074","abstract&q= uot;:"The COVID-19 outbreak has become one of the largest public health crises of our time. Governments have responded by implementing self-isolation and physical distancing measures that have profoundly impacted daily life throughout the world. In this study, we aimed to investigate how people experience the activities, interactions, and settings of their lives during the pandemic. = The sample (N =3D 604) was assessed in Ireland on the 25 March 2020, following = the closure of schools and non-essential businesses. We examined within-person variance in emotional well-being and how people spend their time. We found = that while most time was spent in the home (74%), time spent outdoors (8%) was associated with markedly raised positive affect and reduced negative emotio= ns. Exercising, going for walks, gardening, pursuing hobbies, and taking care of children were the activities associated with the greatest affective benefit= s. Home-schooling children and obtaining information about COVID-19 were ranked lowest of all activities in terms of emotional experience. These findings highlight activities that may play a protective role in relation to well-be= ing during the pandemic, the importance of setting limits for exposure to COVID-19-related media coverage, and the need for greater educational suppo= rts to facilitate home-schooling during this challenging period.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"&quo= t;,"family":"Lades","given":"Leonhard K","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names&qu= ot;:false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":&= quot;","family":"Laffan","given":"K= ate","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names&= quot;:false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle"= :"","family":"Daly","given":"M= ichael","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-nam= es":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle&qu= ot;:"","family":"Delaney","given":&= quot;Liam","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-= names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title&q= uot;:"British Journal of Health Psychology","id":"ITEM-1","= issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]},"note"= :"Laura: Muy buena selección de artículo. Se les fue la mano con el subrayado azul= . Creo que debieron empezar a subrayar donde dice "First, in line with pr= ior research..." Este paper es súper sencillo y súper útil para jus= tificar su estudio.\n\nEl propósito de la presente investigación fue encontrar las relaciones entre las experiencias afectivas cotidianas de irlandeses y sus interacciones sociales, el tiempo invertido dentro y fuera de casa y sus actividades cotidianas durante la cuarentena domiciliaria del COVID-19.Para esto los autores reclutaron de forma virtual a través de correo electróni= co, y con el método de bola de nieve, a participantes mayores de edad y habitant= es de Irlanda, de los cuales 64 completaron el sondeo, que incluía una versión = corta del “Day Reconstruction Method” [Método de la Reconstrucción del Día= ] (DRM), tres ítems que medían afecto positivo y seis ítems que medían afecto ne= gativo. El estudio encontró en que estar fuera del hogar potenciaba el afecto posi= tivo, y que la práctica de actividades físicas y hobbies podían contribuir significativamente al afecto positivo. Además, se encontró que la interac= ción de los padres con sus hijos puede aumentar el bienestar emocional de los padres. En adición, se halló que niveles altos de afecto negativo estaban relacionados con el uso de plataformas virtuales sociales y la información sobre el virus. Por último, se encontró que las interacciones con la pare= ja reducían el bienestar emocional. Este estudio es relevante para el nuestro= por varias razones. En primer lugar, mide afecto positivo y negativo, que constituyen la dimensión emocional del constructo de bienestar subjetivo, = la cual es una variable de nuestro estudio. En segundo lugar, evalúa estas variables en el contexto de cuarentena domiciliaria, que es el mismo contex= to de nuestro estudio. En tercer lugar, encontró que los hobbies son activida= des particularmente positivas y relacionadas con el bienestar, lo cual está íntimamente ligado con nuestro problema de investigación, que relaciona l= os hobbies con mayor bienestar en el contexto de cuarentena domiciliaria.","title":"Daily emotional well-being duri= ng the COVID-19 pandemic.","type":"article-journal"},= "uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=3Dd27bb09c-= 170c-4b01-97ba-6b44d9d3e76e"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedC= itation":"(Lades et al., 2020)","manualFormatting":"(Lades et = al., 2020)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Lades et al., 2020)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Lades et al= ., 2020)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema&= quot;:"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/cs= l-citation.json"}<= span lang=3DES style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso= -fareast-font-family: "Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:ES= '>

<= span lang=3DES style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso= -fareast-font-family: "Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:ES= '>El presente estudio tuvo un diseño no experimental, observacional, correlacio= nal y transversal, debido a que pretendió medir diferencias entre dos grupos preexistentes en una sola medida.

<= span lang=3DES style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso= -fareast-font-family: "Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:ES= '>El propósito del presente estudio es determinar si existen diferencias en el bienestar subjetivo entre jóvenes universitarios de la República Dominica= na que desarrollaron hobbies durante la cuarentena domiciliaria impuesta como respuesta a la pandemia del COVID-19 en comparación con aquellos que no. P= ara esto, se midió el bienestar subjetivo a través de instrumentos que aborda= n la satisfacción con la vida y sentimientos positivos y negativos relacionados= a las experiencias. Se hipotetiza que aquellos jóvenes que desarrollaron est= as prácticas durante la cuarentena presentarán niveles superiores de bienest= ar subjetivo en comparación con los jóvenes que no. Específicamente, hipote= tizamos que los participantes que desarrollaron hobbies obtendrán mayor puntuació= n en la satisfacción con la vida, mayor presencia de sentimientos positivos y m= enor presencia de sentimientos negativos. El segundo propósito del estudio busc= a establecer la correlación entre bienestar subjetivo y la frecuencia de práctica de l= os hobbies. En dicho sentido, hipotetizamos que mayor frecuencia de práctica, mayor satisfacción con la vida, mayor presencia de sentimientos positivos y menor presencia de sentimientos negativos.

<= span lang=3DES style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso= -fareast-font-family: "Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:ES= '>Los participantes fueron jóvenes pertenecientes a universidades en la ciudad de Santo Domingo que se encontraban en cuarentena domiciliaria debido a la pandemia del COVID-19. Estos jóvenes debían estar dentro del rango de eda= d de 18 a 26 años para ser elegibles como participantes. Se excluyó por tanto = de esta muestra a todo joven universitario que fuera menor de edad, debido a q= ue se requerían procesos adicionales para que pudiera consentir a participar = en el estudio, y mayor de 26 debido a las diferencias en responsabilidades, estil= os de vida y etapa en el ciclo vital con el resto de la muestra. Utilizamos un muestreo no probabilístico por bola de nieve para reclutar los participant= es. Se realizó un análisis de potencia para determin= ar el tamaño de la muestra con una potencia de .8 y un alfa de .05 que pudiera predecir un tamaño de efecto mediano de (d =3D.5). El análisis arrojó un total de 128 participantes.

<= span lang=3DES style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso= -fareast-font-family: "Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:ES= '>Un total de 231 personas completaron la encuesta. Luego de descartar las respuestas inválidas, la muestra se redujo a 138 jóvenes universitarios.<= o:p>

<= span lang=3DES style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso= -fareast-font-family: "Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:ES= '>Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida y la Escala de Experiencias Positivas y Negativas como medidas de bienestar subjetivo y un cuestionario sociodemográfico.

<= b>La Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (Diener, 1985) mide la satisfacción con la vida,= es decir, evaluaciones cognitivas globales que el individuo hace acerca del gr= ado de conformidad con su vida. Es una escala con 5 ítems tipo Likert, que comprenden puntuaciones desde el 1 al 5, donde 1 es muy en desacuerdo y 5 es muy de acuerdo con la afirmación presentada (Diener et al., 1985). Se utilizó la versión traducida al e= spañol por <= b> α=3D ADDIN CSL_CITAT= ION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemDa= ta":{"DOI":"10.1007/s11205-009-9493-y","ISSN&= quot;:"03038300","abstract":"Measures of well-being were created to assess psychological flourishing and feelings-positive feelings, negative feelings, and the difference between t= he two. The scales were evaluated in a sample of 689 college students from six locations. The Flourishing Scale is a brief 8-item summary measure of the respondent's self-perceived success in important areas such as relationship= s, self-esteem, purpose, and optimism. The scale provides a single psychologic= al well-being score. The measure has good psychometric properties, and is stro= ngly associated with other psychological well-being scales. The Scale of Positive and Negative Experience produces a score for positive feelings (6 items), a score for negative feelings (6 items), and the two can be combined to creat= e a balance score. This 12-item brief scale has a number of desirable features compared to earlier measures of positive and negative emotions. In particul= ar, the scale assesses with a few items a broad range of negative and positive experiences and feelings, not just those of a certain type, and is based on= the amount of time the feelings were experienced during the past 4 weeks. The s= cale converges well with measures of emotions and affective well-being. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"",= "family":"Diener","given":"Ed",&quo= t;non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,&q= uot;suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"",= "family":"Wirtz","given":"Derrick",= "non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":fals= e,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"&qu= ot;,"family":"Tov","given":"William"= ;,"non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":fa= lse,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"&= quot;,"family":"Kim-Prieto","given":"Chu= ","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names&quo= t;:false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":&q= uot;","family":"Choi","given":"Dong= -won","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names= ":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle"= ;:"","family":"Oishi","given":"= ;Shigehiro","non-dropping-particle":"","parse= -names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particl= e":"","family":"Biswas-Diener","giv= en":"Robert","non-dropping-particle":"",= "parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"conta= iner-title":"Social Indicators Research","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"2&= quot;,"issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]},&quo= t;note":"Laura: Bien.\n\nEl propósito de este estudio fue desarrollar dos pruebas para med= ir bienestar psicológico y sentimientos positivos y negativos. "Flourishing Scale" [Escala de Prosperidad] (FS) y "Scale of Positive and Negative Experience" [Escala de Experiencia Positiva y Negativa] (SPANE) .Para esto los autores presentaron= las dos nuevas escalas en conjunto con otras 7 pruebas a un grupo confrmado por= 6 muestras de jóvenes provenientes de distintas universidades. En total fuer= on evaluados 689 estudiantes, 468 mujeres, 175 hombres y 46 que omitieron esta pregunta. El estudio encontró que ambas escalas se desenvolvieron bien, co= n una confiabilidad alta y una validez adecuada. Este estudio es relevante para el nuestro, ya que provee escalas relativamente breves para medir el construct= o de bienestar subjetivo. Consideramos esto importante ya que creemos que para m= edir nuestras variables nos son convenientes pruebas relativamente cortas, pues algunos de los instrumentos más utilizados para medir dichas variables son= de naturaleza extensa, como el SLIM o la SWLS.","page":"143-156","title":"New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings","type":"article-journal","volume&qu= ot;:"97"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documen= ts/?uuid=3D920e4dc3-270e-430e-acee-25e96cc5f484"]}],"mendeley&quo= t;:{"formattedCitation":"(Diener et al., 2010)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Dien= er et al., 2010)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Die= ner et al., 2010)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema&= quot;:"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/cs= l-citation.json"} utilizando la técnica de traducción= paralela, debido a la limitada disponibilidad de versiones en este idioma para esta escala. Esta versión utilizada en la investigación obtuvo un alfa de Cron= bach de α=3D.87 para la subescala de sentimientos positivos y de α=3D.81 para = la subescala de sentimientos negativos, lo que sugiere una confiabilidad alta.=

<= b>Cuestionario sociodemográfico. El cuestionario creado por los investigadores recolectó información sobre variables sociodemográficas como sexo, edad,= ciudad de residencia, estado civil, posición socioeconómica y ocupación. Se inc= luyeron además preguntas para determinar si el participante había desarrollado un= hobby durante la cuarentena domiciliaria, así como para verificar el tipo de hob= by realizado y la frecuencia con la que se practicaba.=

<= span lang=3DES style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso= -fareast-font-family: "Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:ES= '>El presente estudio contó con la aprobación del Comité de Ética de la Univ= ersidad Iberoamericana, garantizando la protección de sus participantes.

<= span lang=3DES style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso= -fareast-font-family: "Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:ES= '>Los participantes completaron inicialmente el cuestionario sociodemográfico, seguido de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida, y por último la Escala = de Experiencias Positivas y Negativas.

<= span lang=3DES style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso= -fareast-font-family: "Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:ES= '>Se utilizó el programa Just Another Statistical Program (= JASP) para realizar los análisis estadísticos. En primer lugar, se calcularon l= as estadísticas descriptivas de las variables sociodemográficas, seguido de una prueba U c= on fines de analizar las diferencias en el bienestar subjetivo entre los participantes que desarrollaron hobbies con aquellos que no. Por último, se realizaron una serie de correlaciones para determinar la relación entre la frecuencia de práctica de hobbies y el bienestar subjetivo en los participantes.

<= span lang=3DES style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso= -fareast-font-family: "Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:ES= '>Para comprobar la hipótesis de la existencia de diferencias entre jóvenes universitarios que desarrollaron hobbies durante la cuarentena y aquellos q= ue no, en los aspectos cognitivo (satisfacción con la vida) y afectivo (sentimientos positivos y negativos) del bienestar subjetivo, se realizó u= na prueba U de Mann Whitney. Se seleccionó dicha prueba por tener muestras no= equivalentes. Para conocer la correlación entre la frecuencia de práctica y el bienestar subjetivo, se realizó una prueba de correlación de Pearson.

<= span lang=3DES style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso= -fareast-font-family: "Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:ES= '>Antes de contestar las preguntas de investigación, presentamos la descripción d= e la muestra estudiada. Los participantes presentaron una media de edad de 20.21= (DE =3D 1.7). En relación con el sexo, el 73.91% de los participantes era muje= r, el 25.36% era hombre y un 0.73% era no binario. Con relación al estado civil,= el 99.28% era soltero y el 0.73% era casado.

<= span lang=3DES style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso= -fareast-font-family: "Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:ES= '>Asimismo, el 81.88% de la muestra desarrolló hobbies durante el confinamiento, y el 18.12% restante no.

<= span lang=3DES-DO style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.= 1pt; mso-ansi-language:ES-DO'>En la Figura 1, se obse= rvan la frecuencia de desarrollo de hobbies durante el confinamiento.=

<= o:wrapblock>

=

Figura 1. Frecuencia de desarrollo de hobbies du= rante el confinamiento

<= span lang=3DES style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso= -fareast-font-family: "Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:ES= '>Los hobbies más practicados fueron las actividades físicas (56.21%), seguidas= de las actividades artísticas (47.06%), las actividades interactivas (25.49%)= y las actividades musicales (11.11%). El 43.48% de la muestra practicaba más= de un tipo de hobby. La Figura 2, presenta los tipos de hobbies desarrollados durante el confinamiento.

Figura 2. Tipo de hobbies desarrollados durante = el confinamiento

<= span lang=3DES style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso= -fareast-font-family: "Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:ES= '>La frecuencia de práctica de hobbies (en aquellos que afirmaron desarrollarlo= s) más común fue la de dos o tres veces a la semana (28.99%), seguida de má= s de cuatro veces a la semana (26.81%), una vez a la semana (17.39%), una vez a = la quincena (6.52%) y por último una vez al mes (2.17%). La Figura 3, muestra la frecuencia de práctica de hobbies.

Figura 3. Frecuencia de práctica de hobbies=

<= span lang=3DES style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso= -fareast-font-family: "Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:ES= '>El primer propósito de esta investigación buscaba establecer las diferencias= en el bienestar subjetivo entre el grupo de participantes que desarrolló hobbies= vs. el grupo que no desarrolló hobbies. Los resultados muestran que los participantes que desarrollaron hobbies durante el confinamiento presentaban una puntuación significativamente mayor a aquellos que no en la satisfacci= ón con la vida (12.73 vs. 11.4, w =3D 1048.5, p <.05). <= /o:p>

Tabla 1. U de Mann Whitney practicantes vs. = no practicantes en bienestar subjetivo y práctica de hobbies

Practicantes de hobbies (n =3D 113)

=

No practicantes de hobbies (n =3D 25)

M

SD

=

M

SD

U

Correlación Biserial por Rangos

Satisfacción con la Vida

12.73<= /span>

4.88

11.4

3.65

1048.5*

-0.26<= /span>

Sentimientos Positivos

13.34<= /span>

3.97

11.73<= /span>

4.36

1144

-0.39<= /span>

Sentimientos Negativos

10.59<= /span>

4.49

=

11.81<= /span>

4.07

1625

0.26

Nota: *p < .05, ** p < .01.=