Factors that increase the incidence of flooding due to rainfall in urban areas of the Capital City, Panama. Case study in Ave. Domingo Diaz Ave.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37387/ipc.v9i3.261Keywords:
Domingo Díaz avenue, storm drain, urban growth, Rising sea levels, climate changeAbstract
This work analyzes the situation of 7 kilometers of Domingo Diaz Avenue through 7 flood centers, evaluated in 2016 and 2019 after the construction of essential civil works such as the extension to four lanes of Domingo Diaz Avenue and the construction of Line 2 of the Panama Metro, using photographic reviews to detect changes in the behavior of these flood centers, after the construction of each work in their respective years of completion. Factors affecting its flood replicas over the years include urban growth at the top of the urban basins running on Domingo Diaz Avenue. Its 7 kilometers analyzed, the increase in impervious areas, rising sea levels relative to Panama City, and the growing climate change impact to which every city is exposed are assessed from behavior in each flood core. The extensive bibliographic review, current and pioneering at the time, of the factors, studied in the document, show lack existing in the area of analysis, as well as publicize multiple information and reiterate lessons learned in other latitudes, impacted by these same factors in coastal cities such as Panama City. Analysis shows that all flood-flood cores evaluated in 2016, with post-extension flood replicas of four lanes of Domingo Diaz Avenue, maintain their flood recurrence in 2019, following the construction of Panama Metro Line 2, despite counting works that would "renew the storm system" continue to exclusively use insufficient grey rigid solutions to solve the flood problem. These rigid solutions amount to expenses of $273 million, for the extension to four lanes of the avenue in 2016 and 1,875 million, for Line 2 of the Panama Metro. In addition, to date, the Ministry of Public Works (MOP) does not include in its Terms of Reference, for approval of plans for storm drainage, any consideration due to variations in the pattern of rainfall in hydrological analyses (Central American, 2016). Nor an integration between rainwater drainage, seawater flooding, and coastal protection, neither urban planning nor evidence that the plan contends to continue with more significant rigid structural constructions is the best solution to mitigate flooding problems in the analysis core.
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