Description of a Sample of Adult Population with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Panama

Abstract

Most adults with ASD experience challenges in multiple domains, including employment, education, health care, social engagement, and independent living. In Panama, Law No. 15, 2016 indicates that conditions must be "created to allow people with disabilities access and full integration into society." The lack of information on adults with ASD in Panama City limits informed public policies and care practices. This study describes the characteristics of this population, including demographics, clinical data, abilities, educational level, and employment. A descriptive analysis of data collected through a telephone survey was carried out on a convenience sample of 15 caregivers of adults with ASD, from the Soy Capaz Foundation. The sample is 93% male. Around half of the sample is in the age range between 20 and 29 years old, around 30% between 30 and 39, and 20% between 40 and 49, which is consistent with difficulties identifying and retaining adults with ASD in support programs. Most participants received a diagnosis of autism before the age of 5. In addition, half of the sample finished high school and almost half have an average intelligence level. On the other hand, 60% show a high level of functionality, as reported by the caregivers, and 40% have a formal job. A considerable percentage of primary caregivers are mothers by themselves, which reinforces recommendations in the existing literature regarding support for families and caregivers. Results indicate that access to nutritionists, educational psychologists and therapists could be strengthened. Strategies should be considered to increase access to and completion of education, particularly secondary and tertiary, with effective models for this population.