Physical Exercise in the Elderly: A Cognitive Health and Psychosocial Protective Factor for Successful Aging
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37387/ipc.v14i2.447Keywords:
Physical exercise, Older adult, Active aging, Self-efficacy, Psychological wellbeingAbstract
The global demographic transition has positioned active aging as a public health priority, contrasting with the high prevalence of sedentarism in older adulthood. Physical inactivity represents a multifaceted risk factor associated with functional dependence and psychosocial deterioration. The objective of this essay is to discuss how planned and sustained physical and recreational exercise programs act as protective factors for cognitive health and psychosocial factors, essential for fostering autonomy, self-efficacy, and successful aging. A narrative review was conducted, selecting studies addressing the interrelationship between physical activity and the motor, cognitive, and psychological dimensions, contrasting these findings with the Panamanian context. Results suggest that physical activity optimizes mobility, balance, and autonomous functionality, while mitigating the progression of cognitive decline. At a psychological level, studies have shown a positive correlation between physical activity and increased self-esteem. Exercise can be considered a preventive intervention strategy for psychology in Panama; however, its implementation faces challenges related to public policy and equity in access.
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